#carbon particles

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What are other examples of particles?

Sea Salt

An example of a “good” particle is sea salt, a natural byproduct of the evaporation of oceans. According to the NCAR, “Aerosols in the atmosphere can change the amount of solar energy that is reflected away from Earth. Different types of aerosols react differently when hit with sunlight. Sea salt particles reflect sunlight back out into space.”

This creates a natural balance by cooling the Earth, as the sun is reflected back into space instead of being absorbed and heating up the Earth’s atmosphere.

Fossil Fuels

An example of a “bad” particle is fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and gas. According to the NCAR, “Black carbon particles from burning of wood or fossil fuels absorb most of the sunlight that hits them.”

This absorption heats up the Earth, exacerbating the effects of global warming. However, new technology offers energy efficient methods of using fossil fuels for cars, factories, and power plants. This eco-friendly technology limits air pollution and positively affects human health but will speed up the global warming process, according to the NCAR.

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Guide to Carbon Nanotubes - What Should You Know?

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are tubular particles that contain rolled-up sheets of single-layer carbon particles (graphene). They can be single-walled (SWCNT) with a width of less than 1 nanometer (nm) or multi-walled (MWCNT), containing numerous concentrically interweaved nanotubes, with distances reaching more than 100 nm.

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Carbon Based Life: Why Is Life On Earth Carbon-Based?

Carbon Based Life: Carbon is ample on Earth, so nature couldn’t have messed up the opportunity. It used its properties to fabricate life legitimately beginning with no outside assistance.

Carbon Based Life:Each living thing, paying little mind to whether plant or animal, is the exemplification of multifaceted nature. The principle self-impersonating living being built up a regularly expanding…

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WORLDS OF CARBON Scanning electron micrograph of spherical carbon particles, prepared at high temperature and pressure.

Technologically, these spherical particles are of interest as lithium-ion battery electrodes and as lubrication additives to reduce friction and wear in gasoline-powered engines.

Credit: Vilas Pol, Michael Thackeray, Dean Miller and Michele Nelson, Argonne National Laboratory  (Science as Art)

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Hybrid Battery Supercapacitor Design Targets Grid Storage

Researchers at Drexel University are developing an electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC) that combines the storage capabilities of batteries with the much longer cycle life and power output of supercapacitors.The team's goal is to improve the stability of the energy grid and ease the integration of renewable energy sources.Renewables such as wind and portable solar power are experiencing an exponential year-by-year growth,but integrating such an intermittent and unpredictable power source into the grid can be problematic as it calls for a highly flexible,cost-effective solution that can store vast amounts of energy and release it quickly whenever needed.

While batteries can store large amounts of energy,they cannot dispense it quickly and they can only survive about one thousand charge-discharge cycles.Conversely,supercapacitors can release energy in quick bursts and last for hundreds of thousands of cycles,but they can't store quite as much energy.Recent advances in both battery and capacitor technology have been working toward a perfect marriage of the two.The EFCs developed at Drexel University are another step in this direction and are aimed at large scale usage.The device consists of a cell connected to two external reservoirs,each containing a mixture of electrolyte liquid and charge-carrying carbon particles.They are now developing new slurry compositions to increase its energy density tenfold which,they believe,would be enough to make this technology practical.

The uncharged slurry is pumped from the reservoir tanks into the flow cell,where the stored energy is transferred to the carbon particles.Once charged,the slurry can be stored in large tanks until the energy is needed,at which time the entire process is reversed.This conceptually simple approach promises to be both scalable and cost-effective: EFCs can survive hundreds of thousands of charge-discharge cycles,their power output is comparatively large-controlled by the size of the electrochemical cell-and their capacity is proportionate to the size of the tanks that contain the carbon battery-electrolyte slur.The researchers still need to overcome some challenges,chief among which is the low energy density of the slurry,which currently requires very large tanks for storage.

Article From: http://www.batteryfaq.net/battery-news/hybrid-battery-supercapacitor-design-targets-grid-storage-2348.html