Finished #reading Populism: A Very Short Introduction, by Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser.
“Populism” tends to function for many people as an irregular verb: “I am a democrat; you are a populist; he is a demagogue.” This book is one of a number of recent attempts to inject more meaning into the word.
The definition the writers adopt is that populism is a “thin ideology” (that is, it has relatively little intrinsic political or economic content, and can therefore attach itself to wildly varying “host ideologies” across the political spectrum) which sees society as divided between “the pure people” and “the corrupt elite”, and in which the populist actor (whether a party or a single leader) presents itself as a manifestation of the “general will” of the whole (true) people.
As such, the writers’ opinion of populism is not wholly negative. They see it as playing a role in promoting the democratisation of oppressive or authoritarian regimes, and conversely in retarding de-democratisation. However, populism tends to set itself at odds with liberal democracy, and especially those institutions and structures of liberal democracy that are intended to protect minorities and prevent the “tyranny of the majority.” It is the tension in liberal democracy between majority rule and minority protection that populism is able to exploit.
It’s quite a dry book, and even at only 120 pages probably longer than it needs to be. Our 16yo said, upon seeing it, “I didn’t realise there was that much you could say about populism,” and to be honest it turns out he was right. But it’s a useful summary overall, and as a basic framework the “pure people vs corrupt elite” definition of populism seems helpful.