Magic Circles and Sacred Geometry
Where do they come from? Why have we associated the circle with protective qualities? I decided to dive into this topic and research a bit about it. Here are my findings.
The use of Magic circles goes back at least as far as the PGM materials (~100 BCE to 400 CE). The creation of a circle was probably taken for granted and covered by phrases such as “do the usual”. However, we have a depiction of a magic circle in the PGM, the ouroboros, which is depicted as a creature/snake eating its own tail, forming a circle that encapsulates a spell written within the circle of the creature. The ouroboros is also featured in later grimoires such as the 18th century Clavis Inferni.
According to Stephen Skinner (Author, lecturer, and publisher of books on Solomonic and Graeco-Egyptian magic; Classical feng shui), the study of sacred geometry has its roots in the study of nature, and the mathematical principles at work therein. Many forms observed in nature can be related to geometry; for example, the chambered nautilus grows at a constant rate and so its shell forms a logarithmic spiral to accommodate that growth without changing shape. Also, honeybees construct hexagonal cells to hold their honey. These and other correspondences are sometimes interpreted in terms of sacred geometry and considered to be further proof of the natural significance of geometric forms.
Many of the shapes are regarded as “perfect” because they demonstrate precise mathematical harmony. They may display exact symmetry, align with Fibonacci progressions, or correspond to the golden ratio. With the golden ratio specifically, it is widely viewed in both scientific and spiritual contexts as a fundamental pattern underlying the development of life in nature. Because of this, the term “sacred” often carries a dual significance: the mathematics itself is seen as sacred due to its precision and “perfectionism”, and the fact that these patterns appear to generate or reflect the structure of life.
The circle and the sphere are among the most universally recognized forms in sacred geometry. They appear across religions, societies, and cultures, consistently symbolizing totality, cyclical patterns, and possibility. This shape is constantly present in our environment. We encounter circles and spheres in the moon, in the fruit we eat, and even in the basic structural form of atoms themselves, which serve as the foundational units of all matter and life. The circle is also present in the seed of life, fruit of life, and flower of life, etc, as these symbols are made up of circles.
Two distinct but perhaps interrelated aspects of circles seem to be emerging. First, they may be used to create a sacred space (being that the circle is a sacred geometric shape). Circles thus appear prominently in rituals for keeping away demonic and other malevolent forces. An account recorded on Crete explicitly draws this connection:
“Demons fear the circle.” - (Phrangaki 1949: 43).
The theme of instituting a sacred boundary is replicated, for example, when ordinary houses are built: The prayers call for the stability of the structure, as well as for the protection of its occupants
“From all harm and evil influence; from being overcome by night-time fear; from arrows shot by day; from the thing which moves in the night; and from the midday demon.” - (Evkhologion to Mega 1980: 494).
Secondly, where it does not serve an apotropaic purpose (meaning “to ward off”, a type of protective magic), but instead a symbol of eternity (that it has no angles, corners, or ends, the circle is a continuous shape with no beginning or end), like the symbol of the wedding ring being the most prominent one. Or movement to the right (clockwise), which forms an auspiciousness. During the funeral vigil, nothing may be passed over the body, only around it. Should somebody, or something, pass directly over the body, this disrupts the journey of the soul on its path towards heaven and the deceased may turn into a vampire.
“It appears that the principle of on-going right-handed movement… ensures not only the health of the living community but also the safe passage of the soul into the other world” - (ibid.: 236).
The action of circling figures frequently and prominently in Greek ritual precisely because it is both an image of the proper flow of life and a means of protecting human welfare, and this is what rituals promote. To be centered in a circle, brings one closer to the divine, the divine who created these sacred geometric shapes.
Hope you enjoyed the read, it's good to know why we do certain rituals in witchcraft, and to be informed on a slightly deeper level why these elements are apart of witchcraft!











