How to Store Laboratory Chemicals Safely
In any laboratory—be it educational, industrial, clinical, or research-focused—chemical safety is non-negotiable. Improper storage of chemicals can lead to dangerous reactions, toxic exposure, fires, or environmental hazards. In contrast, safe chemical storage protects not just the people working in the lab, but also the equipment, facilities, and data integrity.
Whether you're a lab technician, safety officer, or student just getting started, this guide outlines best practices for storing laboratory chemicals safely.
Why Is Safe Chemical Storage Important?
Improper storage of chemicals can result in:
Accidental spills or leaks
Dangerous chemical reactions (fire, explosion, toxic fumes)
Injury or illness due to exposure
Contamination of experiments
Regulatory penalties and lab shutdowns
Improves lab organization
Ensures compliance with safety regulations (OSHA, NFPA, GHS, etc.)
Step 1: Classify Your Chemicals
The first step to safe storage is identification and classification. Every chemical should be clearly labeled and grouped according to its hazard class, such as: Hazard ClassExamplesFlammableEthanol, acetone, methanolCorrosiveHydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxideOxidizerHydrogen peroxide, nitric acidToxic/PoisonousCyanides, mercury compoundsReactiveSodium metal, potassium permanganateCompressed gasesOxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxideCryogenic substancesLiquid nitrogen, dry ice
Always refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific storage instructions.
Step 2: Label All Containers Properly
Clear, accurate labeling is a must. Every chemical container should include:
Full chemical name (no abbreviations)
Date of receipt or opening
Hazard pictograms (GHS symbols)
Name of responsible person or department
Never store a chemical in an unmarked or repurposed container like water bottles or food jars.
Step 3: Use Appropriate Storage Cabinets
Store in a flammable storage cabinet (metal, fire-resistant)
Keep away from ignition sources
Limit quantity per cabinet as per local fire codes
Store in corrosion-resistant cabinets (typically PVC-lined or plastic)
Acids and bases should be stored separately to prevent reactions
Avoid storing above eye level to prevent splash injuries
✅ Oxidizers and Reactives
Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas
Away from flammables, combustibles, and organic materials
Use tightly sealed, compatible containers
✅ Toxic or Highly Hazardous Chemicals
Store in locked poison cabinets or secured areas
Use secondary containment (trays or tubs) to contain leaks
Clearly label the hazard on the cabinet door
Secure cylinders upright with chains or straps
Store in well-ventilated rooms, away from direct sunlight and heat
Keep oxygen away from flammable gases or materials
Step 4: Segregate Incompatible Chemicals
Never store incompatible chemicals together. Dangerous reactions can occur if certain substances mix—even accidentally.
Some key incompatibilities include: Chemical 1Do Not Store WithAcidsBases, cyanides, sulfidesFlammablesOxidizers, acidsOxidizersOrganics, flammables, reducersSodium/potassiumWater, alcoholsAmmoniaBleach, acids
Use color-coded labels or storage zones to visually identify compatibility groups.
Step 5: Maintain Proper Environmental Conditions
Storage areas must be well-ventilated
Avoid storing volatile chemicals in closed cabinets without air circulation
Use fume hoods or ventilated cabinets for highly volatile or toxic materials
Avoid excessive heat, humidity, or freezing unless specified
Store temperature-sensitive chemicals (e.g., enzymes, some acids) in refrigerated units
Use explosion-proof refrigerators for flammable chemicals—never standard domestic units
Step 6: Practice Secondary Containment
Use trays or bins under chemical containers to catch drips, leaks, or spills. This is especially important when storing:
Liquids (acids, solvents, toxins)
Multiple small bottles in a single cabinet
Chemicals in high-risk or seismic areas
Secondary containment also helps in case of breakage during earthquakes or accidental knocks.
Step 7: Limit Quantities and Access
Store only the minimum necessary quantity in the main lab
Keep larger volumes in a designated chemical storage room
Restrict access to hazardous chemicals to trained personnel only
Lock high-risk materials like poisons, drugs, or explosives
Step 8: Maintain an Updated Chemical Inventory
Keeping a detailed inventory helps with compliance, safety, and emergency response. Your inventory should include:
Chemical name and formula
Date of purchase or expiration
Use barcode systems or digital software to streamline management.
Step 9: Prepare for Spills and Emergencies
Even with best practices, accidents can happen. Be prepared with:
Spill kits (neutralizers, absorbents, PPE) near storage areas
Fire extinguishers and eyewash stations
Clear emergency signage and exit paths
Training sessions on chemical spill response
Post emergency contact numbers and procedures on lab walls.
All lab personnel should be trained in:
Reading and using Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Proper labeling and segregation
Spill prevention and response
Use of PPE during chemical handling
Storage policies and updates
Hold regular safety audits and update training annually or when new chemicals are introduced.
