types of comprehensible input:
Actual lessons made to be 'comprehensible' - these will be typically be videos, in person classes, or one on one tutoring sessions, where the teacher speaks entirely in the target language and through gestures/pictures/visuals you understand THE MAIN IDEA they are conveying. You might understand 0 of the specific words they use, and as a beginner especially! But you can understand the ideas they're communicating, thanks to all the visual aids. Typically, beginner/absolute beginner/superbeginner lessons tend to be the most reliant on visual aids for the learner to understand the ideas being conveyed. As you find more intermediate and advanced lessons, the lessons will rely more on learners knowing many of the words they're saying, and less on visuals, for the learner to understand the main idea being conveyed. As long as you understand the main idea being conveyed (example: you realize the lesson is a teacher introducing themselves and saying where they live) even if you have no idea what the words mean and only get the meaning from pictures/gestures, it's comprehensible enough to learn from. Beginners won't know any words, that's fine! It's not until intermediate lessons that the teachers tend to rely more on the learner's existing vocabulary of words known to communicate ideas.
Graded Reading materials - these are typically texts, that are made to be understood once you have learned X unique words. And there's a few graded reading materials like Nature Method Textbooks, made to be understandable to a complete beginner with certain backgrounds by using illustrations/visuals to make meaning clear even if you know zero words. There's also books for near-beginners, like the Japanese Tadoku Graded Readers that use a lot of illustrations initially, only expecting the learner to know katakana and hiragana. So if you find a graded reading material with 300 unique words, it's designed to be understandable to many learners who know 300 common words (particularly those that show up in standardized language tests/classrooms) or a bit higher amount of total words like the learner knowing 500-1000 words. If you find a graded reading material labelled B1, then it expects you to know as many words as a learner who knows A2 to B1 vocabulary amounts in the given language - the graded reading material will typically mention what it expects you know to be able to understand already it somewhere in it's summary or introduction.
Podcasts for learners - these typically will label their difficulty as in 'understandable for beginners' or 'understandable for learners with an A2 level of knowledge' or 'understandable for HSK 3-4.' If you pick a learner podcast that is aimed at your level of knowledge, you should be able to understand the main ideas conveyed and learn from it.
Various materials you MAKE comprehensible - this would typically be an ordinary show in your target language, or novel, or other material, and you LOOK UP KEY WORDS until you understand enough to follow the main ideas being communicated. For a show, you might only know 10-50% of the words, and it's fine if you look up say 10 key words that seem important in certain sentences, and the visuals convey a LOT of the main idea information. So cartoons for toddlers are very useful, because the main idea is typically ALSO conveyed partly by the visuals, so you can understand less actual words and still follow the main ideas being conveyed (example: you can know 0 words related to color and still understand the characters are pointing to items and presumably saying the color they are, and the color the items are visually lets you know what the words mean). Shows for adults, particularly IF the visuals are related to the main idea of the plot, will also be easier to comprehend even if you know less words. Looking up words as needed to MAKE the main idea understood is fine, if that's what makes the main idea understandable to you.
