#clarias gariepinus

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The demand for improved aquacultural practices is on constant increase to meet the demands of the teeming population of the human race at the lowest cost possible. The effects of combined vitamins C and E on the growth performance, catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) production levels in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (10.00±0.00g) were evaluated for 12 week. 120 samples of the fish were assigned to 4 treatments thus: 00 (control), 200mg/L (T1), 300mg/L (T2) and 400mg/L (T3). The total length (TL), standard length (SL) and weight of the fish were determined weekly. The percentage weight gain (%W), specific growth rate (SGR) were also calculated. The kidneys, liver and gills were excised, homogenized in phosphate buffer; and then assayed for CAT and GSH every 4th week of the experiment. From the results, the TL and SL increased significantly with increase in the concentration of the combined vitamins especially in T2 and T3 much better than the control. The weight increased significantly from T1-T3 all through the 12 weeks with 120.88±28.75g as the highest, 1109%WG and SGR of 5.686g/day obtained in T3. The CAT and GSH in the kidneys, liver and gills decreased with increase in the concentrations of the combined vitamins and duration of the experiment with the control values significantly higher than all the treatments in most cases. The results from this research have shown significant improvements in growth and physiology of C. gariepinus and therefore, administration of these combined vitamins can serve as invaluable addition in catfish farming.

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This study was conducted to determine the haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus juveniles, fed diets with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) as premix for 8 weeks. Fish mean weight of 12.5±0.04g was used. The experimental diets were formulated at 40% crude protein into three treatments of the same composition, but different inclusion levels of moringa, before processing into pelleted sinking feed. The treatments based on % mLM were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. Both floating and pelleted sinking feeds were used. Each diet was fed to a group of thirty (30) juveniles of Clarias gariepinus per treatment at 5% body weight. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that Treatment IV had the best haematological indices; and was not significantly different (P>0.05) from other treatments with respect to packed cell volume (PCV) 27.83±1.23; Haemoglobin (Hb): 8.73±0.81 and Red Blood Cell (RBC): 2.66±0.54. Treatment I equally had good haemotological Parameters: PCV (24.37±2.85); Hb (8.34±0.79); RBC (2.83±0.53), Platelet (123.45±7.81). Treatments II and III had higher levels of White Blood Cell (WBC) which ranged from 17.43±1.235 to 17.61±1.33. Haematological parameters were within the recommended range for fish health. This study revealed that moringa leaf meal (MLM) was best as replacement of premix; for improved performance for the tested parameters of Clariasgariepinus. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that 1.5%mLM inclusionrate as premix for enhancement of haematological parameters and better fish health of Clarias gariepinus.

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The aim of this paper is to find an alternative replacement of fish meal for fingerlings on fish diets. The effect of black soldier fly larvae meal supplemented with ginger powder on zootechnical parameters of Clarias gariepinus juveniles was studied from March to July 2022 in Western Cameroon. A total of 1260 fish were randomly divided into seven (7) groups of 60 fish each of C. gariepinus (30 ± 2 g/fish) with 3 replications and placed in 21 plastics tanks of 0.6 m3 capacity. Seven isonitrogenous diets were formulated. Three of the treatments represented the group of individuals fed with diets substituted at 70%, 85%, 100% larvae of black soldier flies meal respectively, three other treatments followed the same levels of substitution but with 1% ginger powder added, and the last treatment represented the control experiment with 100% fish meal. At the end of the trial, three individuals (150 ± 5g/fish) were randomly selected per treatment and used for the bromatological and haematological analysis. The results show that survival rate varied between 96.67±1.67 and 99.44±0.96 %, growth, bromatological and haematological characteristics were comparable between treatments. The allometric coefficient b was greater than 3 (b ˃3), showing a positive allometric growth for all the treatments, except treatment T1 that showed an isometric growth. The condition factor K varied from 0.94 to 1.25%. It appears that a meal of black soldier fly larvae can effectively replace fish meal in the diet of C. gariepinus juveniles with or without ginger.

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Influence of replacement of fishmeal by black soldier fly Hermetia illucens larvae meal supplemented with ginger Zingiber officinale in the diet, on some zootechnical characteristics of the african catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings in Western Cameroon

The aim of this paper is to find an alternative replacement of fish meal for fingerlings on fish diets. The effect of black soldier fly larvae meal supplemented with ginger powder on zootechnical parameters of Clarias gariepinus juveniles was studied from March to July 2022 in Western Cameroon. A total of 1260 fish were randomly divided into seven (7) groups of 60 fish each of C. gariepinus (30 ± 2 g/fish) with 3 replications and placed in 21 plastics tanks of 0.6 m3 capacity. Seven isonitrogenous diets were formulated. Three of the treatments represented the group of individuals fed with diets substituted at 70%, 85%, 100% larvae of black soldier flies meal respectively, three other treatments followed the same levels of substitution but with 1% ginger powder added, and the last treatment represented the control experiment with 100% fish meal. At the end of the trial, three individuals (150 ± 5g/fish) were randomly selected per treatment and used for the bromatological and haematological analysis. The results show that survival rate varied between 96.67±1.67 and 99.44±0.96 %, growth, bromatological and haematological characteristics were comparable between treatments. The allometric coefficient b was greater than 3 (b ˃3), showing a positive allometric growth for all the treatments, except treatment T1 that showed an isometric growth. The condition factor K varied from 0.94 to 1.25%. It appears that a meal of black soldier fly larvae can effectively replace fish meal in the diet of C. gariepinus juveniles with or without ginger.

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Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to an oilfield wastewater in Nigeria

The Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an oilfield wastewater were investigated. The concentrations included 0% (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% respectively. Physico-chemistry and mycoflora of wastewater and tissues of Clarias gariepinus were determined using standard methods. Mean values obtained were; temperature 25.93±6.7oC, pH 7.73±0.31, turbidity 40.33±1.53 NTU, salinity 6584±137mg/l, conductivity 15200±1058.68µs/cm, total dissolved solids 8436.33±501.68mg/l, total suspended solids 4.67±0.58mg/l, alkalinity 1296.33±2168mg/l, dissolved oxygen 1.83±0.38mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand 1.3±0.7mg/l and Total hydrocarbon 40.54±50mg/l. Temperature, DO, BOD and THC were below allowable FEPA limits while all other components were higher. Mean counts of total fungi and petroleum degraders in the oilfield wastewater were 4.7±0.46×106 sfu/ml and 59.7±25.7% respectively. Fungal counts in the tissues of Clarias ranged from 0.20±0.00 x 104sfu/g to 3.00±0.00 x 104sfu/g (skin), 0.48±0.05 x 104sfu/g to 7.25±0.96 x 104sfu/g (gills), and 1.13±0.15 x 104sfu/g to 5.75±0.50 x 104sfu/g (intestine). The intestine had higher fungal counts, but the gills recorded the highest at 10% concentration. Fungi isolated included; Aspergillus fumigatus (46.43%), Aspergillus niger (100%), Fusarium spp. (100%), Mucor spp. (24.99%), Penicillium spp. (57.14%), Rhizopus spp. (32.13%) and Saccharomyces spp. (34.3%). All except Saccharomyces spp were isolated from oilfield wastewater. Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp, Mucor and Rhizopus are considered normal flora, but can still causeinfection which may result in the mortality of the fish and eventually economic loss to the aquarium fish industry. Proper treatment of oilfield wastewater prior to discharge into the recipient water body is advocated to reduce ecotoxicological problems.

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The length-weight relationship and wellness of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed once daily on three different feeds studied for 12 weeks between March and May 2019. 50 C. gariepinus juveniles were randomly separated into three different concrete tanks and fed with Coppens, Zeigler and Aller-aqua feed respectively at a rate of 10kg/body weight once daily. The study revealed that the fish in the three tanks showed negative allometric growth throughout the study (b0.05). At the same time, condition factor decreased as the fish increased in length with Coppens varied from 7.40 to 1.18, Aller aqua from 9.69 to 1.46 and Zeigler from 9.09 to 1.31. Condition factor differences did not test statistically different (p>0.05). An indication that the different feeds are appropriate for efficient C. gariepinus production fed once with appropriate body weight feeding adjustment. The values of the condition factor reflect healthy fish status with the different feeds.

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Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to an oilfield wastewater in Nigeria

The Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an oilfield wastewater were investigated. The concentrations included 0% (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% respectively. Physico-chemistry and mycoflora of wastewater and tissues of Clarias gariepinus were determined using standard methods. Mean values obtained were; temperature 25.93±6.7oC, pH 7.73±0.31, turbidity 40.33±1.53 NTU, salinity 6584±137mg/l, conductivity 15200±1058.68µs/cm, total dissolved solids 8436.33±501.68mg/l, total suspended solids 4.67±0.58mg/l, alkalinity 1296.33±2168mg/l, dissolved oxygen 1.83±0.38mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand 1.3±0.7mg/l and Total hydrocarbon 40.54±50mg/l. Temperature, DO, BOD and THC were below allowable FEPA limits while all other components were higher. Mean counts of total fungi and petroleum degraders in the oilfield wastewater were 4.7±0.46×106 sfu/ml and 59.7±25.7% respectively. Fungal counts in the tissues of Clarias ranged from 0.20±0.00 x 104sfu/g to 3.00±0.00 x 104sfu/g (skin), 0.48±0.05 x 104sfu/g to 7.25±0.96 x 104sfu/g (gills), and 1.13±0.15 x 104sfu/g to 5.75±0.50 x 104sfu/g (intestine). The intestine had higher fungal counts, but the gills recorded the highest at 10% concentration. Fungi isolated included; Aspergillus fumigatus (46.43%), Aspergillus niger (100%), Fusarium spp. (100%), Mucor spp. (24.99%), Penicillium spp. (57.14%), Rhizopus spp. (32.13%) and Saccharomyces spp. (34.3%). All except Saccharomyces spp were isolated from oilfield wastewater. Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp, Mucor and Rhizopus are considered normal flora, but can still causeinfection which may result in the mortality of the fish and eventually economic loss to the aquarium fish industry. Proper treatment of oilfield wastewater prior to discharge into the recipient water body is advocated to reduce ecotoxicological problems.

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Fliegenfischen in Botswana: Das ganz große Fressen

Fliegenfischen in Botswana: Das ganz große Fressen

von Günter Kast Der sogenannte Barbel Run im Okavango-Delta ist eine der größten Tierwanderungen des Planeten. Dabei jagen Abertausende Raubwelse die ins tiefere Wasser ziehenden Kleinfische vor sich her. Lachender Dritter sind Tigerfische, die sich den Festschmaus nicht entgehen lassen – für unerschrockene Angler eine perfekte Konstellation und ein Spektakel ohnegleichen. Während meines…

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