The Cocoanuts, book by George S. Kaufman with additional material by Morrie Ryskind, music & lyrics by Irving Berlin, directed by Oscar Eagle, musical staging by Sammy Lee. Opened at the Lyric Theater on December 8, 1925 and closed on August 7, 1926 (276 performances).
Jamison Zeppo Marx
Eddie Georgia Hale
Mrs. Potter Margaret Dumont
Harvey Yates Henry Whittemor
Penelope Martin Janet Velie
Polly Potter Mabel Withee
Robert Adams Jack Barker
Henry W. Schlemmer Grouch Marx
Willie the Wop Chico Marx
Silent Sam Harpo Marx
Hennessey Basil Ruysdael
Frances Williams Frances Williams
The brothers’ second Broadway show and first musical, The Cocoanuts was set amidst the Florida land boom of the 1920s (before it collapsed). Groucho is a hotel proprietor, land impresario, and con man, assisted and hampered by two inept grifters, Chico and Harpo, and the somber hotel assistant, Zeppo. Groucho pursues a wealthy dowager ripe for a swindle, played by Margaret Dumont, who would go on to appear as essentially the same character in most of the Marx Brothers’ films. Billy de Wolfe was in the ensemble.
The score, by Irving Berlin, yielded only one standard—a big one, but it was pulled from the show before it opened. “Always” bothered Kaufman, who argued that “I’ll be loving you always” made no sense. He said that if the lyric ran, “I’ll be loving you, Thursday,” he might accept it. The song was dropped but became one of Berlin’s biggest hits.
The brothers improvised so wildly with Kaufman’s script that he eventually left in disgust, and Morrie Ryskind was brought in to shore up the book. (But Kaufman would work with the brothers again, on the script for A Night at the Opera.)
After the initial Broadway run, The Cocoanuts was taken on tour, then revived on Broadway with a number of changes. The 1929 movie was made at the Astoria Studios in Queens, and dropped some of Berlin’s songs.
Immediately above: the comic strip from which the Marxes got their stage names, and some sheet music from the show.