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Today I went to a small local Medieval festival, it was my first time going to an event like this. It had weapons and armour from various regions and Middle age periods,
Here they showed some weapons and armour as well as some basic smithing, coin minting and craftmanship. I managed to get 2 coins as souvenirs before they were out of stock
James Watt and Matthew Boulton
James Watt was a Scot, born in Greenock in January 1736. His father was a skilled carpenter employing quite a number of people working mainly on ships. He was successful and respected; he owned shares in some of the ships he worked on. He married an equally respectable woman. The family story was tragic with three of five children dying in childhood with a further child losing his life on one of…
GENERAL — 15/262 — Coin minting
Manual coin minting was a complex process in the Middle Ages. After the raw silver was mined and processed, ingots, known as cans, were made from the precious metal alloy. The ingots were then hammered into thin, narrow strips by the minters, from which squares, so-called farfule, were cut with large shears and then rounded. The slices were then hammered into a circular shape on the anvil and then smoothed by a process known as clipping. Only then could the coiner, known as a pregéř, step in to insert the coin between two dies at the minting tables and strike it with a hammer. Since great strength was required, the coiner had to be a mountain of a man: one hand was needed to hold the two stamps together, the other to pound them with a heavy hammer. Later on, when thalers replaced Prague groschen, two people were needed for minting. The activity was very noisy and had to be well-guarded. Most engravers eventually became partially deaf and were not allowed to wear clothing with loose folds or pockets, which could be used to conceal something. Imperfect coins were collected and subsequently melted down to be reminted.
TRIVIA
— There was often a tension between the value of a medieval coin as a unit of currency, and its value as a precious metal. If the silver or gold in a coin was worth more than the coin would buy in a market, for example, the owners would be tempted to melt them down and sell the raw precious metal. This was particularly important when both gold and silver coins were in circulation later in the period, as the differences in the value of gold and silver could easily be exploited.
As an example, in theory the value of a gold leopard was fixed at 72 silver pennies. But, if the market value of raw gold increased by relative to silver, by, say, around 10 percent, then it would beneficial to melt down any gold leopards and sell that raw gold on. Someone doing this would be realizing a profit of 8 pence on each of the gold coins they destroyed. This process quickly tended to drive gold coins out of circulation as they were melted down by their owners. If the value of gold fell relative to silver, one could profit by carrying out the process in reverse.
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Silver Coin of Co-Emperors of Second Bulgarian Empire Ivan Alexander, Mihail Asen Released by National Bank, Archaeology Museum in Replica Collection
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The newly released replica of the silver coins minted by Tsar Ivan Alexander with his son and Co-Emperor Mihail IV Asen. Up to 10-15 million coins of the type were minted in the mid-14th century, according to some estimates. Photo: National Institute and Museum of Archaeology A replica of a medieval silver coin minted by Tsar Ivan Alexander of the Second Bulgarian Empire (r. 1331 – 1371) together…
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