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Architects of France's 1901 Law of Associations
The Law of Associations was adopted by the French Parliament on 3 July 1901 to limit the influence of Catholic teaching orders as the first step toward the formal separation of church and state that would follow in 1905. Of 16,904 religious teaching institutions, almost 14,000 were closed.
Separation of the Church and the State
Bibliothèque nationale de France (Public Domain)
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The Dreyfus Affair & the Separation of Church and State in France
The Dreyfus Affair, or L'Affaire as it has become known, demonstrated the competing forces at work to either reestablish the monarchy and the Church in power or to solidify and advance the unfulfilled ideals of the 1789 French Revolution. This event is considered the trigger for the movement which led to the Law of Separation of Churches and the State in 1905.
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I liked the contrasts and vanishing point in this one. Just a bit of early evening walking by the Lycée Émile Zola. Fun fact: this building (on the left behind the gate) was the site of Alfred Dreyfus’ second trial, part of the infamous Dreyfus Affair that captured the attention of France and Europe at the end of the 19th century. Its namesake, Émile Zola, was the author of “J’accuse...!” a pro-Dreyfus open letter accusing the French government of antisemitism and of falsely imprisoning Dreyfus. 🏛🏢🚶🏻♂️🏛☂️ #lyceeemilezola #walk #vanishingpoints #rennes #france #bretagne #brittany #dreyfusaffair (at Lycée Emile Zola)
