Neolithic Oceania: Oceania's Palaeolithic generally segues into its Neolithic without a large-scale Mesolithic, and with evidence of dry farming by about 9000 BC.
Coverage of the early modern human archaeological cultures of Oceania
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Neolithic Oceania: Oceania's Palaeolithic generally segues into its Neolithic without a large-scale Mesolithic, and with evidence of dry farming by about 9000 BC.
Coverage of the early modern human archaeological cultures of Oceania
As climate chaos increases around the world, Michelle Week, a farmer outside of Portland Oregon is drawing on her Sinixt indigenous knowledge to adapt her farm to the changing seasons. By practicing techniques like seed saving and dry farming, Michelle is combating the increasing food security crisis while continuing to provide fresh food to her local community.
Dry farming in Aragon
Photographer: Milan Radisics
As the state faces ever hotter, drier, and more erratic weather, advocates of dry farming say its time has come—again.
Dry farming, a method that’s been used for centuries to grow grapes, almonds, and olives in Mediterranean countries, requires soils with enough structure to hold moisture from seasonal rains for months at a time—in California, these rains happen between October and April. One method is to plant young vines that are grafted to vigorous rootstocks relatively far apart and water them for only their first two years in the ground. The point is to encourage their roots to dig deep into the dirt from which they’ll pull stored rainwater starting in year three.
“In dry farming, you’re putting resistance into the system,” says Stephen Gliessman, an emeritus agroecologist at the University of Santa Cruz who also co-owns the dry-farmed vineyard Condor’s Hope in the Cuyama Valley of northern Santa Barbara County.
Though plenty of wine grape growers in the state practice dry farming, the method represents a drop in the bucket of a $70 billion business. Tightly spaced, high-yield, drip-irrigated vineyards are much in favor; their practices encourage roots to hang out near the surface of the soil, where they expect to find water—and they can’t survive without a frequent fix.
Dry-farming yields per acre can be lower; some estimates put them at two to three tons per acre, versus three to four tons for premium grapes. Fans of wines made from dry-farmed grapes, however, extoll their more complex flavors. “But vineyards today are too focused on maximizing yields rather than adapting to local conditions so they’re not so dependent on water,” Gliessman says. “They’re using a limited resource, and climate change makes it worse.”
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Days 9-11 | Matt's Farm | Willow Creek CA
My husband grew up in San Diego alongside all the greats who made their marks in the 90’s SoCal music scene - in the era of bands like Rocket from the Crypt, Drive Like Jehu and Pinback. They would spend their time recording demos to cassette tapes and playing shows and growing roots deep into their lives in music, when they weren’t otherwise occupied with skating, smoking weed, or honing their proficiency in having zero game with girls.
I’ve heard countless stories about this time in his life and the people who helped make them. The way he describes it paints a sort of punk rock Sesame Street, where you could just be aimlessly drifting around San Diego any given day of the week and suddenly hear a band practicing around the corner and soon thereafter find yourself settled into a faded old couch in a garage that was the practice space of anyone making up the Swami Record label.
P-noch has kept up with a lot of these guys, at least the ones who haven’t become total degenerates and drug addicts, or perhaps been killed in one or two different ways. They range anywhere now from professional rockstars and record producers to working at Guitar Center and living with their mom, taking over her living room to finish their latest album.
The MVP in this story though is Matt. Matt was the one that P-noch couldn’t seem to track down all these years. So many stories yet never any signs of him, not through social media or by word of mouth, he just seemingly vanished.
Until one day a few years ago when P-noch was riding his bike and heard his name being yelled, turned around and there he was, in the flesh, the ever illusive Matt, beaming at him from across the street, smack dab in the middle of downtown Portland. In retrospect, this seems like a very Matt-and-P-noch way of finding each other again.
Matt easily fell in with our family and soon became known as Uncle Matt. He was around like he’d always been here, but never one to stay put for long, he bolted for the valley of the Six Rivers National Forest this past spring, just as Coronavirus was starting to make the headlines. He now lives on and manages a small working farm, decades famous for their peaches.
We caught up with Matt again and spent the past few days hanging out on his farm, discovering how his business works and learning terms like “dry farming” and “going to market.” We spent our time picking fruit, stacking wood, chasing the wildlife away from his melons, but definitely, mostly, playing with his new puppy, Ed Junior.
Uncle Matt is now Farmer Matt, but their friendship is steadfast and unchanging. He understands my husband in ways that only knowing someone over the course of their life could grant you, tucked into distant memories and long kept secrets, like a hidden pocket in the very fabric of who he is.
9.9.2020