Ekumenopolis: City Without Limits
The 2011 documentary film Ekumenopolis by Imre Azem discusses the rapid urbanization of Istanbul in last decades. By raising several questions, presenting the results of urban transformation, it depicts a realizable dystopia for its future.
The term, Ecumenopolis, is derived from the words ‘world’ and ‘city’ to represent the idea that in the future urban areas and megalopolises would eventually fuse and there would be a single continuous worldwide city as a progression from the current urbanization and population growth trends. In this case, it represents the future of Istanbul, the city that had started losing its limits.
The most striking aspect of the film was that it barely stated an opinion on its own. Interviews with architects, planners, contractors, businessmen and politicians in succession not only show their idea, but also give the desired conclusion. Most messages are delivered through cinematography, efficient street views or cityscapes as well as the illustrations. Numeric data are also utilized well in the film. Most importantly, the city is three times more overpopulated than its capacity in planning.
Ignorance of the authorities causes the city to wither up. The second and third bridges, connecting roads and lands around them destroy the Northern forests, the lungs of the city. Under the names of tourist city, financial city, culture city or as such, city grows enormously. Even though these initiatives aim urban development, they caused tremendous issues concerning urbanism and sociology on the other side of the coin.
Istanbul is being separated from Istanbulites. These newly-introduced forces push away the locals to have a place in the center. Those exiled occupants are forced to move outer city. Lands are seen valuable without any care for its occupants. Gentrification is not even considered as a problem to be solved. This is considered as the death of the social state.
Renewal of the city, if necessary, should be done with its occupants. These occupants after living in a tent for one year and chasing promises of the politicians were forced to buy the provided houses with inhumane living conditions that are still over their budget. To top it all, the contractor of the new residences that ‘everyone deserves’ on their land describes resettling them as an incentive for crime.
The concept of neighborhood is swiftly being erased from the collective memory. Not only the squatter housing but also state-supported houses are being renewed by sending them away as well. Occupants insist on staying, saying this land is where they belong, where they lived and wish to die. Although many moved to TOKİ buildings, all families came back to surrounding neighborhoods except for one.
After TOKİ obtained the power to qualify any land for urban renewal, as the film calls it Anti-Social Housing took a toll on the society. Horrifying pictures of the social border are being created today: Polarizing the society, destroying the feeling of safety, otherizing each group and isolation. Combined with the emerging gated communities, social segregation will be inevitable despite the claims of ‘rehabilitation’. In fact, this social housing typology was tried out and destroyed because of its cataclysmic effects on society with a ceremony as the film shows. It has a -both socially and economically- high cost.
Insulting interventions by politics to urbanism point out the lack of a controlling mechanism in city planning office of the state. Plans of the city are never being followed by. To make more money, municipalities often violate these plans and projects are being strayed away from urbanism. That eventually turns İstanbul into a projected city instead of a planned one.
We cannot afford being careless as we create cities. We shape the cities, they shape us. Economic limits are exceeded. Ecologic limits are exceeded. Population limits are exceeded. All we are left with is this chaotic city without limits.
Didem Pamuk, December 6, 2016