ॐ
Can an ornament exist as other than gold, which is the substance (vastu)? Without Self — the sole existing reality — , where is the body? He who thinks the body to be himself is an ajnani. He who takes himself to be Self is a jnani, who knows Self. Know thus.
— Ekatma Vivekam - The Knowledge of the Oneness of Self, Verse 4
Note:
Brahman has five aspects—existence, consciousness, bliss, name and form (sat-chitananda-nama-rupa)—, the former three being its real aspects (satya amsas) and the latter two being its unreal aspects (mithya amsas). The three real aspects are likened to gold, which is the vastu (the substance or reality), while the two unreal aspects are likened to ornaments, which are but names and form temporarily assumed by gold. Whereas gold is permanent and unchanging, its names and forms, the ornaments, are transient and subject to change.
Self is existence-consciousness-bliss (sat-chit-ananda), while the body is a mere name and form. Just as an ornament cannot be other than gold, its substance, so the body cannot be other than Self, the sole existing reality (vastu). However, though the gold assumes a name and form and appears as an ornament, it would be wrong to take the gold to be that name and form. Likewise, though Self might appear to assume so many names and forms— this whole universe—, it would be wrong to take Self to be one of those names and forms— the body. He who thus takes himself to be the body is an ajnani, one who lacks true knowledge.
As explained by Sri Bhagavan in verse 17 of Ulladu Narpadu, the difference between an ajani and a Jnani is that in the experience of an ajnani 'I’ is limited to the measure of the body (that is, to the name and form of the body), whereas in the experience of the Jnani 'I' shines as the limitless Self, other than which the body cannot exist. That is, the ajnani feels 'the body alone is I' (like a fool who thinks 'the ornament alone is gold'), whereas the Jnani feels 'the body is also I' (like a wise person who understands 'the ornament is also gold').
In The Mountain Path Vol.19, Nº I, January 1982 (pdf)













