In 1847, 22 year old self taught entomologist Henry Walter Bates convinced Alfred Russell Wallace to allow him to follow on his trip to the Amazonian rainforest. Bates had no formal schooling but had already published a short paper on the beetles he had collected in the Charnwood Forest near his home in Leicester when he was only 18. The two arrived in Brazil in May, 1848 and began collecting and describing everything they saw. Four years later Wallace would return to England, but a ship fire en route would destroy much of his collection. Bates remained in Brazil and sent back over 14,000 specimens, of which over 8,000 were unknown to European science. When Bates finally did return to England in 1861, he gave a short paper to the Linnean Society of London on a phenomenon that he observed of mimicry, which was published a year later as 'Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley'. This work would contain his theory on the evolutionary adapation of one species to resemble another species to derive the benefit of their adaptions against predation. Certain butterflies, he noted, contained poisons that made them unpalatable to birds and other predators, and other species adapted to resemble them to benefit from the others' adaptation, without the poison. We now call this type of mimicry Batesian Mimicry. The image is from Bates' published work with the Linnean Society, showing the resemblance between species, one unpalatable to its prey and the other not.