Fordicidia is an Ancient Roman festival of fertility, specifically fertility pertaining to crops and animals. It was held in April, and involved sacrifices to Terra Mater (or Mother Earth).
The most significant of these sacrifices was of a gravid cow. This sacrifice is believed to be to promote fertility in seeds that have already been sown. The state of the unborn calf was considered a powerful part of the ritual as it occupied a liminal space - not living, and yet sacrificed.
Terra Mater, also known as Tellus, or (to the Ancient Greeks) Gaia, is deity associated with the world, and with fertility. She was often honoured in conjunction with Ceres, another Roman goddess, and one associated specifically with agriculture.
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