It’s been almost exactly two years since I last drew something for my Free Wing story (a bunch of my cowboy OCs, but in this world people ride dragons instead of horses) but got the itch again this week. >:)
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It’s been almost exactly two years since I last drew something for my Free Wing story (a bunch of my cowboy OCs, but in this world people ride dragons instead of horses) but got the itch again this week. >:)
On Bridling Dragons: The Essay
Do you like dragons, accurate world-building, and bizarre dental facts you’ve never once in your life wondered about?
Boy oh boy, have I got the post for you.
So everyone loves a good dragon-riding story, but as anyone’s who’s ever bridled a horse can attest, most artists (or writers for that matter) don’t know the first dang thing about that strappy thing that goes on a horse’s head, and that mess gets even worse when trying to translate it to a reptilian version of realistic working riding tack.
The basic and biggest problem in trying to bridle a dragon is the anatomical differences in the skull and dental types of equines (horses) and dragons (reptiles):
Horses are heterodont (mammilian, meaning they have different types of specialized teeth in their mouths) herbivores (plant-eating). They have their incisors at the front for cutting grass and then molars in the back for grinding it down. (Some horses also have small canines also known as “wolf teeth” up by their incisors that stallions use for fighting, but they’re small and generally ground down by their owners for safety.)
This herbivorous dental set-up leaves a convenient gap near the front of their mouths. That’s where the metal bit of the bridle sits, allowing the horse’s rider to turn the horse’s head by pulling on the reigns, which tugs the bit against the sensitive corners of the horse’s mouth and directs it.
But reptiles, and by extension dragons, do not have that gap for a bridle’s bit. While all mammals are heterodonts (again, meaning they have different types of specialized teeth in their mouths), reptiles instead only have one kind of tooth in their mouths that all serve basically the same small pointy purpose.
Most species of reptiles fall into one of three tooth types:
1. Acrodont, meaning the teeth are actually ridges attached to the jaw bone that do not grow back if lost (IRL chameleons, bearded dragons, and in this world small insect-eating wyveryns).
2. Pleurodont, meaning teeth are set inside their jaws and constantly fall out and grow back over and over through their entire lives (IRL many lizards and iguanids, in this world drakes are pleurodonts).
3. Thecodont, meaning teeth grow from deep sockets, the strongest type of tooth. Falls out and is replaced constantly but rate of replacement slows down with age since each tooth only grows back about 50 times. (IRL crocodiles and snakes, in this world dragons.)
Because of these teeth types there are two common strategies for bridling dragons (quick carnivorous flyers) and drakes (slower herbivorous and flightless).
1. Closed bridle:
Meaning that there is no bit used at all. The mouth of the animal is strapped closed in a kind of muzzle while in harness. Riding closed bridle is actually legally mandated for many species of dragon that are known to be flighty, or that large enough that they could pose a danger around people if they were to be startled and snap at someone. Aside from that most dragons have necks long enough that they could reach around and bite their own rider if they were to get riled enough for whatever reason.
If a rider is caught riding open on a breed that should be wearing a closed bridle they are subject to very heavy fines for posing a public danger. Most drakes also wear closed bridle (the yellow drake pictured is actually wearing a simple lead halter) despite being easy to handle and calm, but that’s generally because they move slow enough that the kind of precise direction an open bridle gives isn’t needed and their teeth grow too constantly to remove for the second type which is the
2. Open bridle:
English Fieldracers like Arthur are one of the few species small and docile enough to legally be ridden open bridle, but that does come at a cost. Using a bit gives dragon riders better and faster control while flying, but it does necessitate the regular removal of teeth in order to create the bit-gap that horses have naturally.
While this is painful for the animal, it’s seen as a cosmetic sacrifice for performance, like IRL dog breeders who dock the tails or ears of puppies to meet breed standards or in order to make them better working animals.
A dragon’s “bridle teeth” are removed as often as possible while it’s still young before it’s bridle trained. This forced them to burn through the fifty or so times each tooth is able to regrow, meaning that by the time the dragon is fully grown at about 10-20 years old the bridle gap is permanent, the dragon no longer being able to regrow teeth there.
And yes open bridle teeth removal does become quite the animal rights issue in modern era timeline in the Free Wing universe, but for now Arthur’s one of the many Victorian Era dragons who’s just glad he’s old enough not to have to get his teeth pulled every few months anymore.
(Some more expensive bridles for younger dragons like Arthur’s use extremely tough types of leather through the mouth instead of metal in case of a surprise leftover tooth coming in. A surprise tooth that could crack very painfully on a metal bit will instead wear at the leather in a noticeable way that will allow the rider to get it removed before it’s an issue. Arthur really should be using a metal bit by now but he’s picky and Louis spoils him by buying the more expensive leather replacements when Arthur starts to chew through them since he can afford it.)
Extra note: Spanish Razorwing dragons (a cowboy’s mount of choice) are plenty big enough for them to legally be forbidden from riding open mouth, but many cowboys ignore this law since they want their mounts to be able to fight on a moment’s notice should they clash with bandits or feral dragons.
It’s a big risk to ride a Razorwing open bridle and generally the mark of either a very skilled or a very reckless rider. Many other cowboys will refuse to work with “open riders” because of the risk it can pose to their own closed bridle mounts who would be unable to defend themselves if the open bridle dragon decided to attack.
* also I realize now that Arthur’s reigns are absent or partially missing in his headshots and his bit circle is too high, I think that was a pre-research artistic decision in order to unclutter compositions since I hadn’t quite nailed down what I wanted dragon bridles to look like yet so I had some wiggle room.
Free Wing: An Illustrated Dragon Western
A young Victorian Englishman decides to chase after his dream of being a dragon-riding cowboy in the American Wild West. Set in a world where everything is the same as ours, but instead of horses there are dragons.
[Read Chapter 1]
Chapter 2 - Arrival
Will there be a bio for the South American Percher?
The South American Percher is a dragon species that has been extinct for centuries after the Spanish invasion and colonization of South America, making actual pictures of it non-existent and reliable information about it scarce. BUT I was able to pull some old scientific illustrations by English biologists from the British Museum archives!
From the first plate we can see that the illustrations were probably made based off of taxidermied specimens since the wings are drawn separately. This means that its exact posture and shape are somewhat unreliable, but it’s also the best we have since early attempts at taxidermy are rarely any better. Modern museum recreation models depict Perchers as standing taller, more like a drake, rather than crouched like in the illustration.
Early explorers who tried to capture and ship live Perchers never succeeded in getting the animal back to Europe before it died, hence the artist’s reliance on dead specimens. Since the first wave of the Spanish Conquistadors brought a host of dragon diseases via their Spanish Razorwing dragons by the time researchers arrived to the continent–with the intent to study Perchers instead of slaughtering them on sight to gain an upper hand on the natives who rode them–Perchers were all but impossible to find without venturing to the most remote mountain peaks.
We do know that, like all Perchers, the South American Percher had climbing agility that allowed it to cling to even sheer rock, allowing it to scramble across rock cliffs and walls even while upside down. Its grappling hook-like claws, developed toes, and thick footpads clue us into this ability. It is also the largest species of Percher ever discovered, large enough to carry a single rider. It is unclear from historical accounts if it was strong enough to cling to the underside of rock while a rider was on it.
We also know from archived skins that, with the exception of the belly and under limbs, it was covered in thick plumes. (The feathers were especially thick along the spine and on the top of its head where they formed a crest.) Although the exact color is hard to determine–since museum skins have faded significantly over time to a pale tan–records say that the feathers ranged from canary yellow to a delicate white-gold.
While feathers aren’t rare in dragon species (most domestic European species feathers have had them bred out of the bloodline for easier handling and saddling, and firebreathing species naturally do not have them) the sheer density of feathers on the South American Percher combined with other distinctly avian features such as a beak led to some contention in the scientific community over its classification. Eventually, the presence of six limbs and other skeletal and muscular minutia tentatively settled it as a dragon species but in the Sicutavis family, a family it shares with no other living species (but some ancient long extinct ones) in the order Draco which itself is in the Reptilia class.
Its wings especially are a truly unique example of avian reptilian evolution not found in any other known dragon species:
The combination of both wing membrane and fully developed flight feathers is sometimes found in wyverns (especially species native to the Americas) but never so prominently in dragons. The South American Percher’s wings were so heavily feathered that it seems likely that the feathers weren’t entirely redundant like in other feathered dragon species. Being able to study the species in the wild may have been able to provide valuable scientific information and clues on the development and evolution of dragon species and flight patterns.
Not much is known about their behavior, breeding, or social habits. A few things that we do know from old journals include the fact that they were very flock oriented, territorial, and not entirely tamed by their human riders. Human and dragon seemed to have acted more as symbiotic hunting partners than rider and mount.
Instead of native South Americans raising and breeding Perchers, they would instead befriend a local flock, feeding them to keep them roosting nearby their villages and cities. When they flock wanted to hunt they would allow select natives to mount them bareback and then share the kill, having learned that human weapons and assistance could take down prey or defend against territory intruders more reliably than hunting alone. Whether Perchers could be ridden for purposes other than hunting or defending territory is unknown.
This cooperative behavior did result in Perchers reportedly being flown in conflict against the Spanish invaders–who the Perchers evidently also saw as a territory invading threat–but reliable accounts of any detail are scattered and subject to exaggeration or fragmented information across personal diaries.
Regardless of battle accuracy, the undeniable fact remains that within a couple years the Percher population across the continent had been decimated by disease and targeted hunting by soldiers and trappers eager to ship the exotic gold feathers back to Europe where they were eagerly snapped up by plume merchants and haberdashers for top prices.
Needless to say, scientists have long mourned the premature loss of the South American Percher, a fascinating and valuable specimen whose study could have shed light on many mysteries in a host of scientific fields.
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Be sure to check out the [#Free Wing] tag on my blog to see what other content I’ve made for this “it’s-our-universe-except-there’s-domesticated-dragons-heck-yeah” world. The main Free Wing storyline is an illustrated dragon western novel with heaps of creative worldbuilding aside. My inbox is always open to questions about the story or the world since they often help me to keep thinking and push to expand the worldbuilding in cool new ways.
“The German Firespitter is a large aggressive breed used only in government-regulated military units. Its massive size and rare ability to breathe fire sets it apart as a dragon capable of causing complete devastation if not accompanied by a team of skilled handlers. A rare prize on the black market, the German Firespitter can make a gang of outlaws a truly formidable force to be reckoned with. The only reliable way to take one down is a bullet through the eye, a target possible for only the fastest and most skilled marksman and must be taken before said marksman is reduced to ash. Or worse.”
I’ve got so many things in progress right now that I haven’t posted anything in a hot minute. So have a WIP sculpture of a young Arthur! It’s been ages since I’ve sculpted anything but I finally started this in between working on the next Free Wing chapter and it’s been very entertaining.
Right now he looks a bit like a Thanksgiving turkey since he hadn’t got his wings, but that’ll be fixed soon enough once I figure out if I want to bake the rest of him before adding them or not.
Free Wing
Welcome to Free Wing! A new exploratory art and story project I'm starting about a world in which the American Wild West is full of cowboys that ride dragons.
Simple and awesome as that.
This world is an alternate Earth in which dragons exist as fairly intelligent animals that are domesticated by humans as mounts and companions. This one change has rippled throughout the world to create subtle changes from our world in many ways, but this story is specifically about cowboys.
Most cowboys ride Spanish Razorwings, a large hardy green breed known for its extreme endurance and inability to breath fire, both of which are important out on the plains.
(Young Razorwings are broken into the saddle when they're still small enough to control, their wings are strapped down and they're ridden and trained in corral pits that are too deep for them to scramble out of.)
This story is specifically about a shy young English man named Louis and his dragon Arthur who want to fulfill their childhood dream of becoming cowboys, no matter how mismatched they may seem to the task.
Arthur, however, is a thoroughbred English Fieldracer, a small expensive breed suited for quick nimble travel through busy cities. Both he and his human are a far cry from the hardy and unimpressed Razorwings and their burly American riders.
I'll be posting a bunch of stuff as I continue to explore this world and story idea. Asks about the world or characters are more than welcome since I've found that getting questions from y'all is a surefire way to get my creative juices flowing. As seen in this post I’m using the project to experiment and practice with different styles and coloring and the like, and I’m looking forward to seeing where this story takes me.
Next update will be more about Louis and Arthur and the mess they've gotten themselves into.