Feb 15, 2020
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Some of Y'all need this 😬😩
Salve!! Latin 1 student here. I was wondering, what's the difference between active and passive verbs and how do you identify if they're active or passive? My magistra didn't really teach us anything, so I had to learn out of the book. Thanks!!
Salve!
So, below Ihave condensed the basic concept of the passive voice, but I also recommend these videos at Latintutorial.com:
Passive Voice in Latin
(skip over anything that says “subjunctive” in the title, for now. The subjunctive mood isn’t typically a Latin I topic)
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Active vs. Passive
In activevoice, the subject performs the action. In passive voice, the subject receivesthe action.
ACTIVE: Thecat plays with the ball.
PASSIVE: Theball is played with by the cat.
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Present, Imperfect, and Future Passive
For these tenses, the passive voice has the same verb endings, which make it nice and easy to identify:
-r (I) -mur (we)
-ris (you) -mini (you (pl.))
-tur (s/he//it) -ntur (they)
*note thatmost of the endings end in -ur, or just -r
PRESENT: amatur (she is loved)
IMPERFECT: amabatur (she was being loved)
FUTURE: amabitur (she will be loved) now I have the Maroon 5 song stuck in my head
Not so bad, right? All three examples end in -tur, and you still have the -ba and -bi indicators for imperfect and future tenses, just like in the active.
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Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Passive
Naturally, theperfect tenses always have to go and make things a little more complicated. For these you have to use the Perfect Passive Participle (PPP) plus a form of theverb “to be”.
(This is actually closer to what we do in English. The passive of “I love” is “I am loved”. We throw in a form of “to be” and think of “loved” as describing what “I” am.)
The hardestpart of identifying these verbs is knowing a participle when you see one, whichis just a matter of memorization or simply reading texts until you’re justso used to the PPP + “esse” combo that you recognize it right away. Either way, it takesa bit of time, so be patient with yourself.
When youlook up a Latin verb in a dictionary or in the back of most text books, the PPPis the fourth form listed.
amo, amare,amavi, amatus – to love
*Note that PPPs declinelike adjectives, so they have to agree in Case, Number, and Gender with thesubject.
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PERFECT PASSIVE:Just the PPP + “esse” in the present tense.
PPP + sum PPP + sumus
PPP + es PPP + estis
PPP + est PPP + sunt
Examples:
amatus est (he was loved)
amata est (she was loved)
amati sunt (they wereloved)
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PLUPERFECT PASSIVE: PPP + “esse” in the imperfect (which is the same as the regular plupendings anyway!)
PPP + eram PPP + eramus
PPP + eras PPP + eratis
PPP + erat PPP + errant
Examples:
amatus erat (he had been loved)
amata erat (she had been loved)
amati erant (theyhad been loved)
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FUTURE PERFECT PASSIVE: PPP + “esse” in the future
PPP + ero PPP + erimus
PPP + eris PPP + eritis
PPP + erit PPP + erunt
Examples:
amatus erit (he will have been loved)
amata erit (she will have been loved)
amati erunt (they will have been loved)
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TL;DR: Present, imperfect, future passives end in -r, -ris, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur. Perfect, pluperfect, future perfect passives are PPP + (esse).
I hope this helps!
I read a lot of fic (and published books) and much of it is really well written, but there are two things that a lot of writers do that just take me right out of the story. I’m not a writer so I’m in awe of how people can invent a story and evoke feelings with words. These are just my two personal pet peeves.
He vs him (also she vs her but I mostly read m/m so it’s usually male pronouns I encounter)
“Him” is an object. “John is going to the dance with him”. “He” is a subject. “He and John are going to the dance together”.
“Him and John are going to the dance” Is jarring and sounds wrong. If you aren’t sure whether to use He or Him, take the “…. and X” out of the sentence and see if it sounds right. You wouldn’t say “Him is going to the dance” - it would be “He is going ….”, so the correct way to say it would be “He and John are going to the dance.” I have even seen this recently in a published work and it immediately made me wonder what the editor was doing.
The man
If the point of view character knows another character’s name, they shouldn’t be referred to as “the man”. Either use a personal pronoun or the character’s name. I see this so often and it drives me bananas. Replace “the man” with “he/him” or “Greg” and it will immediately sound better. This is also almost always true for “his boyfriend”, “his partner” etc, although this can sometimes be appropriate. Absolutely never refer to a character whose name the POV character knows as by a descriptor (especially if it’s the colour of their hair) - “the blond” etc.
Granmar changes over time and you can break rules for specific effects but these two things will always take me out of a story, and I see them so frequently in fics that are otherwise really well-written.
me, when i see someone i really want to impress: Time to bust out my grammar.
Sexy Wordplay: Jive Vs. Jibe (Bonus: Gibe)
Sexy Wordplay: Jive Vs. Jibe (Bonus: Gibe)
When you agree with your friends, do you jive with them, or do you jibe with them? When you’re dancing in the 1950s, are you doing the jibe? If you’re making fun of somebody, are you gibing them?
Raise your hand if you assumed that jive was the right answer to all of these questions.
(Me too, until a few weeks ago.)
If you want to show off your sexy vocabulary skills to all your…
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Grammar Bytes! Grammar Instruction with Attitude. Includes detailed terms, interactive exercises, handouts, PowerPoints, videos, and more!
Anyone want to brush up on grammar, I recommend checking out GRAMMAR BYTES! at chompchomp.com. The site even does like a daily grammar quizzet on Twitter for you tweeters.
"It's like the difference that commas make. Like "Let's fuck Grandma" as opposed to "Let's fuck, Grandma"
-Ata
Hello and welcome to Grammar Time. I'm Chris photonickitty, and I'll be your host for this evening.
Today's topic is less vs fewer: If you have 99 problems, it is physically, metaphorically, and grammatically impossible for you to have, "one less problem". You can have, "one fewer problem", but not, "one less problem".
Less measures inexact groups or amounts, such as "I do believe there is less water in my glass than yours, Annabelle," or, "I would appreciate it if you would contribute a great deal less stupid to the group, Jeffrey."
Fewer measures exact amounts or things you can count, such as, "My cat gave me three fewer hair balls for Christmas this year than last year," or, "Good job on that report, Johnson. Each one you hand in has fewer and fewer mistakes instead of more and more like everybody else in this bloody company."
Unfortunately, this concludes the time we have been allotted this evening, so for everyone here at Grammar Time, thank you for watching and have a nice day.
Soupy Twist!