#growth performance

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This study was conducted to assess and describe the visual nutrient deficiency symptoms exhibited by Shorea almon, Shorea negrosensis, and Shorea palosapis seedlings as affected by macronutrient omission. A complete randomized design was used with seven (7) treatments and four (4) replications. There were 36 seedlings per treatment per replication per species used in the experiment. The occurrences of deficiency symptoms in response to nutrient element omission on the study plants were monitored weekly. Photos on possible nutrient deficiency symptoms were taken typically on unusual colors or patterns in the leaves, burns, distortion of individual plant parts, stunting or abnormal growth. The photos were individually compared to several published literatures for confirmation. Results showed that the common characteristics of macronutrient deficiency symptoms were chlorosis on the leaf blade, interveinal and marginal chlorosis, and scorching in the leaf tip. In the later stages, necrosis starts to develop after chlorosis. Furthermore, it was observed that deficiency symptoms depend on the plant species and the macronutrients content required for optimal growth. The absence of an essential macronutrient affects plant growth and performance. When the nutrient supply was suboptimal, the morphological growth performance of the seedlings grown under no fertilizer application and -N treatments were stunted. Therefore, nutrient element omission considerably influenced the growth performance of Shorea seedlings which showed nutrient deficiency symptoms specific to the omitted nutrient element.

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This study aimed to assess the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of rabbits in their growing phase fed with a formulated diet sourced out locally, containing the allocation of 17% Moringa oleifera leaf, 8% Trichanthera gigantea leaf, 20% Morus alba leaf, 4% Psidium guajava leaf, 19% Zea mays bits, 20% D1 (Oryza sativa bran), 3% Saccharum officinarum molasses, and 9% hydrolyzed Gallus gallus domesticus broiler feather meal. Three (3) treatment groups consisted of the CSU-formulated rabbit grower feed and two commercially available all-stage rabbit pellet feeds. Twenty-seven (27) composites of mixed-breed rabbits, aged 3–4 months and of varied sex, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments, each comprising three replicates, following a completely randomized design. The rabbits had access to water, and the experimental feeds were given once a day for a period of 42 days. The proximate analysis of the CSU-formulated rabbit grower feed demonstrated 21.64% crude protein, 6.43% crude fat, 10.10 % ash, a moisture content of 7.86%, and a crude fiber of 6.73%. The results indicate that CSU-formulated rabbit grower feed was readily accepted and palatable to rabbits, as indicated by consistently elevated weekly consumption rates confirming comparable consumption levels with commercial feeds (p > 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) exhibited no significant differences (F = 0.110, p = 0.897), denoting that all diets were nutritionally sufficient. For the entire period, no significant Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) variances were found (F = 1.060, p = 0.404), wherein dietary impact was most evident in the later stage, implying how well the assigned groups assimilated the feeds. On the other hand, CSU-formulated rabbit grower feed had displayed clear financial benefits, as revealed by a benefit–cost ratio of 1.17, a return on investment (ROI) of 16.99%, a gross ratio of 0.85, and a net profit margin of 14.53%.

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Effects of partial replacement of calf starter with whole cottonseed on growth performance of preweaned dairy calves

Whole cottonseed (WCS) is commonly used in adult ruminant nutrition due to its combined fiber, energy, and protein content; however, information on its use in preweaned dairy calves remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of partial replacement of calf starter with whole cottonseed on growth performance and feed intake of preweaned Holstein calves. A total of 36 calves were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: a control diet without WCS, a diet containing 10% WCS, and a diet containing 20% WCS on a dry matter basis. Calves were monitored throughout the preweaning period for body weight, average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and feed efficiency. Partial replacement of calf starter with whole cottonseed did not significantly affect final body weight, ADG, DMI, or feed efficiency (p > 0.05). Growth performance was comparable among all dietary treatments. Increasing levels of whole cottonseed reduced in vitro gas production and estimated dietary energy values; however, these changes were not associated with differences in in vivo growth or feed utilization. The results indicate that whole cottonseed can be included in calf starter diets at levels up to 20% without adverse effects on preweaning growth performance. Under controlled management conditions, whole cottonseed may be considered a viable alternative feed ingredient in calf starter formulations. Further studies are warranted to evaluate long-term effects on rumen development and postweaning performance.

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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is popular for both water gardeners and aquarists because it is one of only a few floating aquatic plants. However, it is also considered invasive aquatic weed plants in tropical and subtropical regions, and many attempts have been made to eradicate or control these plants. A feeding trial was conducted to explore the potential of water hyacinth meal (WHM) on growth performance, economic viability, and cell-mediated immunity of broiler chickens in a 42-day feeding trial. Sixty-one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 4 treatment groups: (T1) 0% WHM, (T2) 2.5% WHM, (T3) 5.0% WHM and (T4) 7.5% WHM, replicated thrice with five birds each replication arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental set-up. Results revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) on the bi-weekly body weight gain (BWG), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio. Numerically, Treatment 2 showed the highest final body weight (1545.33± 36.37 g/bird), while the control showed the lowest value (1076.00±109.23g/bird). A significant effect (P

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Growth performance of colored broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of blacksoldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) under free-range condition

The study was conducted atcmU Poultry Project, Musuan, Bukidnon, with a duration of 60 days to evaluate the effect of black soldier flies as a supplemental protein source on the growth performance of colored broiler chicken. A total of forty-eight heads of day-old chicks regardless of sex were used in the study. Chicks were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments. Treatments were replicated three times with four birds per replication following the Complete Randomized Design. Statistical differences of treatment mean comparison was made with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The treatments were as follows: T1 (control), T2 (95% commercial feeds = 5% BSFL), T3 (90% commercial feeds + 10% BSFL), T4 (85% commercial feeds + 15% BSFL). The study revealed a highly significant difference (P

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This study was conducted to assess and describe the visual nutrient deficiency symptoms exhibited by Shorea almon, Shorea negrosensis, and Shorea palosapis seedlings as affected by macronutrient omission. A complete randomized design was used with seven (7) treatments and four (4) replications. There were 36 seedlings per treatment per replication per species used in the experiment. The occurrences of deficiency symptoms in response to nutrient element omission on the study plants were monitored weekly. Photos on possible nutrient deficiency symptoms were taken typically on unusual colors or patterns in the leaves, burns, distortion of individual plant parts, stunting or abnormal growth. The photos were individually compared to several published literatures for confirmation. Results showed that the common characteristics of macronutrient deficiency symptoms were chlorosis on the leaf blade, interveinal and marginal chlorosis, and scorching in the leaf tip. In the later stages, necrosis starts to develop after chlorosis. Furthermore, it was observed that deficiency symptoms depend on the plant species and the macronutrients content required for optimal growth. The absence of an essential macronutrient affects plant growth and performance. When the nutrient supply was suboptimal, the morphological growth performance of the seedlings grown under no fertilizer application and -N treatments were stunted. Therefore, nutrient element omission considerably influenced the growth performance of Shorea seedlings which showed nutrient deficiency symptoms specific to the omitted nutrient element.

[oaresearchpaper]

This study was conducted to assess and describe the visual nutrient deficiency symptoms exhibited by Shorea almon, Shorea negrosensis, and Shorea palosapis seedlings as affected by macronutrient omission. A complete randomized design was used with seven (7) treatments and four (4) replications. There were 36 seedlings per treatment per replication per species used in the experiment. The occurrences of deficiency symptoms in response to nutrient element omission on the study plants were monitored weekly. Photos on possible nutrient deficiency symptoms were taken typically on unusual colors or patterns in the leaves, burns, distortion of individual plant parts, stunting or abnormal growth. The photos were individually compared to several published literatures for confirmation. Results showed that the common characteristics of macronutrient deficiency symptoms were chlorosis on the leaf blade, interveinal and marginal chlorosis, and scorching in the leaf tip. In the later stages, necrosis starts to develop after chlorosis. Furthermore, it was observed that deficiency symptoms depend on the plant species and the macronutrients content required for optimal growth. The absence of an essential macronutrient affects plant growth and performance. When the nutrient supply was suboptimal, the morphological growth performance of the seedlings grown under no fertilizer application and -N treatments were stunted. Therefore, nutrient element omission considerably influenced the growth performance of Shorea seedlings which showed nutrient deficiency symptoms specific to the omitted nutrient element.