DISCLAIMER: this is as taught by my teacher at my school for my curriculum. If you are not in Australia or even in my part of the country, you may be taught differently, however my teacher is very cut-throat and specific to the Australian Curriculum so if anything can help, his word can.
When practicing, you should read the question carefully and highlight the significant parts of the essay. Look at:
the question verb: e.g. evaluate, assess, explain, account for, etc.
the time frame it is asking you to answer for: If an essay questions says during the period of study you can choose the exact years you want to focus on but if it says throughout or over the period of study then you must cover the entire course.
the issues/themes/concepts it wants you to talk about: e.g. Weimar Germany, the Oslo Accords, Prohibition etc.
Your introduction is the most important part of your essay; if your body paragraphs do not match what you say in the intro, then your essay will immediately lose marks. The introduction is for you to set up your argument, and so it will be the foundation for the rest of your essay.
The intro should go as follows:
context: WARNING! do not take too long on this part. If you talk about the causes of causes, then you are just babbling and wasting time. Talk about the most relevant events leading to the period you are to discuss.
define each part of the question: what is totalitarianism? who was Woodrow Wilson? etc.
your thesis: this is so important. This is your argument, and the points you will discuss in your essay. If you think science, it is basically a hypothesis, and you will support it with your arguments.
DOs and DON'Ts for the first sentences of Body Paragraphs
DO NOT SAY THIS: The Munich Putsch occurred in November 1923. this is a fact that cannot be followed or discussed because it is not a point from the argument. Then it just becomes a list of facts
DO SAY THIS: The failure of the November 1923 Munich Putsch forced Hitler to reorganise his party to be better prepared for an eventual revolution. The rest of the paragraph will be on how he became better prepared. This is something that you can now prove.
Make sure that every body paragraph topic sentence links back to the original thesis and your argument is guaranteed to work: it will never turn into a list of facts and it is much less likely you will ramble.
Then you spend the rest of the paragraph proving the point that you made at the start of that paragraph using evidence, facts, dates, quotes, people and events.
My history teacher has this thing called the tiger story, and he would fist-pump so hard if he knew I was talking about this right now - it’s not even really about tigers...
Tigers have stripes. This helps them to blend into jungle vegetation and plants. Lions have tawny fur. This helps them to blend with the yellow grasses of the Savannah. Cheetahs have spots. This allows them to blend with the leaves in tree tops.
In conclusion, big cats use their fur to camouflage into their surroundings.
Sounds stupid, right? Right. I said so, but there is also a lesson to be learnt. Your conclusion is meant to join the ‘thread’ of all the paragraphs. Your arguments may actually contradict one another, but the key is to make links between them by pointing out the significance of their connection in terms of the question.
DO NOT restate all the points have already made, but instead discuss them in terms of the question verb (explain/discuss/assess/evaluate)
These types of essays are probably the most common in History. Typically, the question is a statement, and then asks you to evaluate to what extent that the statement is true.
e.g. "The problems in Germany up to 1933 can be directly linked to Germany's surrender in World War One". Evaluate the extent to which this statement is true.
To evaluate essentially means to present arguments for more than one perspective. Usually, the question will allow you to present arguments that typically contradict each other/ are critical towards the reliability of the other arguments. In this case, it is easy to say in your thesis that ‘while A and B were a result of X, C was not’. However, the subject matter will not always be so black and white.
The above example question is relatively true, as all the problems up to 1933 in Germany can find their way back to WW1 and the Treaty of Versailles, however some are not as direct as others and can be blamed on political decision making rather than the treaty itself. In this case, you can say something along the lines of: ‘A,B and C all were linked to X, however B and C were worsened by Z’.
There is a helpful video on this here.
that is about all I have, and I will possibly update this in the future. Of course it would do well to remember that I am also a student, but I get relatively good marks in History and these are the guidelines I follow.
I hope this helps someone :)) x