Yeah, these three Overhaul lackeys are teasers for Toga, Touya, and Shigaraki's backstories respectively.
"Some were tossed aside when they didn't mesh with society" - The guy with the eating quirk is a narrative parallel for Toga. They both had impulses from their quirk that were rejected by society. Toga was tossed out of of her home after she lost control. Even further, their quirk related impulses unchecked both became cannibalism adjacent in nature.
"Another was betrayed by a lover and beset with crushing debt. Not even allowed to die..." - Hear me out, Larceny is a Touya parallel. From Touya's point of view he was betrayed by the most important figure in his life when Endeavor chose someone else as his successor and Endeavor wouldn't look at him anymore. Touya paid the debt for his father's sins every day by having to live every day in a body unsuited to his quirk due to his father's attempts at eugenics. He wasn't even allowed death after Sekoto Peak and had to survive alone on the street.
"And another became the tool of some money-grubber. And when that pig figured out my fake gems were worthless..." - This one is a stretch, but Shigaraki and this crystal guy have a vague parallel of people exploited as tools by people more powerful than them. Visually, how this villain was using his crystal quirk looked similar to Shigaraki's growths that became so large they engulfed him in the final war arc. Shigaraki is a difficult character to parallel with ordinary heroes or villains because being groomed as a vessel of hatred to be body snatched to steal an ancient eldritch quirk is pretty far outside the norm.
