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The Treaty of Hudaibiya ( صلح الحديبية ) in Islam |
With a view to maintaining the consistency of history, let us now proceed with the Treaty of Hudaibiya which is an exemplary instrument of understanding for peace agreed upon by two confronting sides. This treaty or peace Agreement was signed at a place named Hudaibiya between the Idolater Quraish of Mecca and the Muslims Marching towards Mecca in the sixth year of Hijri.
Hence the treaty came to be known in history as the ‘Treaty of Hudaibiya’ of the confronting sides the Muslims from Medina were the stronger and the Idolater Quraish the weaker. Despite this the Muslims agreed upon the demands raised by the Quraish. Hajrat Omar ® along with some other Associates opposed the treaty. But Allah Himself (through a revelation) declared the treaty as “fathummubin” or clear victory. In spite of being the demands of the weaker side, even after knowing them as Idolaters is a rare instance in history. The warring states and alliances of the modern world have got a lot of lessons to learn from the ‘Treaty of Hudaibiya’.
We have taken the details of this treaty from the book ‘The Biography of the Great Prophet (sm) by Dr. Muhammad Hussein Haykal. The Great Prophet (sm) directed Hajrat Ali ® to write the Treaty saying, “Write, “In the name of Allah, the Benevolent, the Merciful. “Sohael bin Amer, the Quraish representative raised objection saying, “Stop, we are not the supporters of ‘the Benevolent’ or ‘the Benevolent’ or ‘the Merciful’. Let it be written as ‘With Your name, o Allah’.” The great Prophet said to Hajrat Ali®, “Write as this”. Then the Prophet (sm) dictated to Hajrat Ali ® “Write, ‘Under these conditions the treaty is set up between Muhammad, the Apostle of Allah and Sohael bin Amer’. Sohael again objected, “ If we recognized you as the Apostle of Allah, there would be no warfare between you and us. Tell him to write your own name and the name of your father.” The great Prophet (sm) agreed on this modification of Sohael bin Amer. But Hajrat Ali ® refused to delete the words ‘the Apostle of Allah’. The Prophet (sm) took the pen from the hand of Ali ® and strck out the words with his own hand. Then he said to Ali ®,” Write ‘The agreement is executed between Mohammad-ibne-Abdullah and Sohael bin Amer.”
The Agreements Terms of Hudaibiya
The terms of the Agreement were:
1. Both the sides shall not fight with each other for ten years. [According to the historian Wakedi, the term of the no-war agreement was only two years.]
2. All the men of the Quraish tribe of Mecca who after accept Islam would fly to Medina without the permission of their guardians, Mohammad would be bound to send them back.
3. The men who after forsaking Islam would fly to Mecca, shall not be returned.
4. If the other Arabs want to sign a treaty with either side, the other side shall not hinder.
5. The Muslims should go back to Medina this year without performing ‘Tawaf’ and ‘Ziarat’ (the two formalities of Hajj).
6. Next year the Muslims May come to Mecca under certain conditions; which are: they would carry with them swords in scabbard and they could stay in Mecca for not more than three days.
On going through the terms of the treaty, one may seem that the Muslims acted upon the sweet will of the Meccans. It was true that the Muslims conceded much to the Meccans, which they might not do. A short while before the agreement was signed, a rum our arose that Osman bin Affan, the negotiator of the Prophet (sm) was killed. At this the Prophet (sm) and his Associates ® had taken a vow for retaliation, which was known as ‘Bayat-e-Ridwan.’ In spite of all these, the Treaty of Hudaibiya, a unique document for peace was executed. There was a displeasure among the Associates ® about the treaty. It all ended when a revelation came from Allah assured a definite victory for you.” (Sura Fateh)
The witnesses of the treaty were: Hajrat Abu Bakar ®, Hajrat Omar bin Khattab ®, Hajrat Abdur Rahman ibne Awf ®, Hajrat Abdullah Ibne Sohael Ibne Amer ®, Hajrat Mahmud Ibne Maslama ®, Hajrat Mikraj Ibne Hafs ® and Hajrat Ali Ibne Abu Taleb ®, the writer of the treaty.