#indus river

[theinternetarchive]

seal with unicorn and inscription; small stone seals were probably used to identify merchandise or property, and are among the most numerous objects surviving from the protohistoric urban sites along the banks of the indus river system. pakistan, indus valley civilization c. 2000 b.c.

[pollyj]

Arsalan Khan

[diemelusine]

Village near the Khardung La mountain pass, Ladakh, India.

[tomorrowwithme]

Pakistani and Indian figures sign a joint letter seeking restoration of bilateral ties regarding the Indus Water Treaty - let's see who have been screwing Indians for years

Take a look at the Indian signatories

AS Dulat is among the signatories. This man was the chief of RAW. No wonder so many Indians died in Pakistani terrorist attacks when he was in control.

Why is Jawhar Sircar still alive? Also, look at the other names. Members of Opposition parties such as RJD, JDU, INC, PDP, Jamaat-e-Islami, TMC, CPI(M), Wire OP-ED writers, JNU professors, Marxist lecturers at DU, journalists for the Hindu, National Conference party, Samajwadi Party and literal Kashmiri separatists like Mehbooba Mufti.

Clearly, India doesn't have enough Hindutva because why the Fuck is even a single one of those bastards alive?

[inspofromancientworld]

Ladakh

By US Central Intelligence Agency (old labels removed, new added by Fowler&fowler (talk) 02:56, 11 April 2022 (UTC)) - Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=116804120

At over 3,000 m above sea level, Ladakh ལ་དྭགས, the 'land of high passes' stands between the Himalayan and Kunlun mountain ranges and is the highest plateau in India and has been a point of dispute between India and Pakistan and China as it represented a trade corridor. Mountains in Ladakh can reach up to 7,000 m above sea level and are subject to frequent earthquakes as the Indian Plate continues moving northward into the Eurasian plate. The Indus River flows through Ladakh and is 'greatly venerated in the Hindu religion and culture'. Despite the presence of several rivers, Ladakh lies in a rain shadow of the Hymalayas, meaning it is a cool, high-altitude desert, which allows for the preservation of Neolithic rock carvings.

By Bernard Gagnon - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76479954

These rock carvings go back as far as 9000 BCE, showing that this region has been used as a corridor for thousands of years. Items that were either developed or made in neighboring territories as well as evidence of imported culture from those neighbors, with evidence of people in the area going back as far as 12,000 years ago, though that record is very sparse. Ladakh lacks the layers of sediment that protect archaeological sites in areas like on the steppes because it is so arid. The river valleys might have protected archaeological sites, but because they are considered sacred, excavation is prohibited. Rock art, being on the surface, offer researchers opportunities to study what ancient inhabitants of Ladakh without needing to disturb the sacred locations.

Source: https://archaeology.org/issues/march-april-2026/features/himalayan-high-art/

Evidence of shelters have been found at a campsite at 3,048 m, in the Nubra Valley, where charcoal and chert, a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock, with the charcoal being radiocarbon dated to about 8,000 years ago. It's thought that this was left by a group who traveled frequently and followed game, such as ibex and wild yaks, as they migrated through the area. Gradually, these groups became sedentary, cultivating barley and herding sheep and goats, about 6,000 years ago.

Source: https://archaeology.org/issues/march-april-2026/features/himalayan-high-art/

Over the past 20 years, over 20,000 petroglyphs have been found depicting scenes that include 'hunters, soldiers, wild animals, and fantastical beasts' where the outer dark brown of granite boulders have been chipped away to reveal the white below. Many of these were made during the Bronze age, approximately 3000-1000 BCE in this area, though the researchers feel that some of these go back into the Neolithic. During the Bronze Age, this area was experiencing milder weather, likely encouraging people to settle in the area and allowing those settlements to grow larger. The geography of the area would have made competition for areas that were more arable more frequent, resulting in fortifications built around those locations.

Source: https://archaeology.org/issues/march-april-2026/features/himalayan-high-art/

About 2134 m below the petroglyphs, several hundred more petroglphs can be found that show evidence that those in Ladakh are connected with the broader Central Asian sphere, though the researchers expected to find connections to East Asia. Some of the artwork they found are known as mascoids, 'depictions of ornate masks with large eyes', most often without bodies, giving researchers 'clues about what they could be'. One 'petroglyph portraying a person carrying a batch of small mascoids suggests that they represent actual masks of a type that people wore', giving an answer to what they symbolize though no masks have been found.

Source: https://archaeology.org/issues/march-april-2026/features/himalayan-high-art/

During the Iron Age, from about 900 BCE - 800 CE, the fairly uniform style of rock art began to show differences between those that had lived there since the Neolithic and those that migrated in, the ancestors of the modern day Dards, who had their own style of rock art, creating a north-south divide in style. The northern styles become 'curvy and ornately decorated forms referred to as the Steppic style', which was used through Pakistan and Afghanistan and other Central Asian steppe nomadic peoples like the Scythians. In the south, designs are often 'scenes of ornate plants, trees, and geometric designs such as spirals were predominant', similar to those on eastern Tibetan Plateau.

Source: https://archaeology.org/issues/march-april-2026/features/himalayan-high-art/

In addition to petroglyphs, researchers have located potsherds dating to the Iron Age in the area, with the northern style being 'fine-grained pottery covered in red slip…similar in style to pottery made by tribal communities in Afghanistan and norther Pakistan' with coarser ceramics in the south resembling those found in Tibet. Even with the differences, there was a cohesiveness in the styles. Despite their influences coming from opposite sides of the plateaus, 'people in Ladakh weren't simply importing styles from another regioin, but adapting them as their own'.

Source: https://archaeology.org/issues/march-april-2026/features/himalayan-high-art/

The Silk Road began around the 1st century CE, resulting in the 'rapid rise of new economic opportunities and artistic traditions' and also resulted in an increase of violent conflict. Depictions of armies are thought to date from around this time. Buddhist monks also came through the area during the 1st-3rd centuries CE, further influencing changes in the rock art created with the appearance of Buddhist carvings and temples cut into the mountains. This time period also was marked by the Kushan Empire conquering the area, which pushed the adoption of Buddhism even more and the appearance of 'stupas, Sanskrit texts, and other Buddhist symbols in their rock art…artisans carved Buddha reliefs in the Gandharan style, which was influenced by Greeks, Roman, and Hindu artistic conventions'. With the destruction of similar carvings in Afghanistan in 2001, 'the reliefs in Ladakh remain the largest and best-preserved Gandharan Buddhas in the world'.

[paperandpencilsandskips]

When the river is indus

[wachinyeya]

https://tribune.com.pk/story/2442843/global-declaration-signed-to-save-river-dolphins

In a ground-breaking development, 11 Asian and South American countries have signed a global declaration, the "Global Declaration for River Dolphins," aimed at preserving the world's six remaining river dolphin species, including the endangered Indus River dolphin exclusive to Pakistan.

[badhistorymemes]

Mohenjo Daro fans rise up