Code-switching
Code-switching happens with people who speak multiple languages; sometimes, they switch languages midway through a sentence or conversation, which is referred to as code-switching. Usually, this happens between two people who are both fluent in the same two languages; they can switch languages and still have the other understand what they’re saying. There are a few different types of code-switching:
Intersentential switching occurs outside of a sentence (for example, between sentences). “¿Porqué quieres saber? What happened?”
Intra-sentential switching occurs within a sentence. “La vida is rough, mi amigo.”
Tag-switching is similar to intra-sentential switching; it’s the switching of a word or short phrase (tag). “El partido comienza a las seis, right?”
Intra-word switching occurs within a word itself. It usually involves taking a word from one language and adding prefixes/suffixes from the other language or conjugating it in the other language. Some examples I found are “shoppã” (English “shop” with the Panjabi plural ending), “kuenjoy” (English “enjoy” with the Swahili prefix ku-), and “traducierst” (Spanish “traducir” conjugated in German).
One of the most well-known examples of code-switching is Spanglish, although it’s not the only one; Portuñol is the mix of Portuguese and Spanish, and Franponais is the mix of French and Japanese.