PMIST In Fluxonium Qubits: JJA Internal Mode Interaction
Researchers Discover Fluxonium Qubit Vulnerability: Parasitic Modes Threaten High-Fidelity Readout PMIST State Transitions Due to Parasitic Mode
Superconducting qubits, the foundation of quantum computers, require fast, non-destructive measurement methods. Long coherence durations and high-fidelity gates make the fluxonium qubit platform attractive, but new theoretical research identifies a specific vulnerability during standard dispersive readout: inadvertent stimulation of internal degrees of freedom in the circuit's superinductance.
After examining the heavy fluxonium qubit circuit with a Josephson Junction Array (JJA) as an inductive shunt, researchers identified Parasitic-Mode-Induced State Transitions (PMIST), a novel class of deleterious consequences. When the readout drive excites the qubit and an internal JJA mode, these transitions could compromise qubit integrity and limit fault-tolerant quantum computing performance.
The Measurement-Induced Transition Challenge
A connected readout cavity is used to monitor superconducting qubits using dispersive readout. Theory suggests this method is Quantum Non-Demolition (QND). The drive often causes Measurement-Induced State Transitions (MIST) between qubit energy levels. Transmon qubits' MIST effects are improving, but fluxonium qubits' complex, nonlinear nature need further investigation. The fluxonium circuit's inductive shunt is usually implemented with a JJA. The core qubit mode and various “parasitic” modes make up this array's internal degrees of freedom. The JJA acts as a linear superinductance when these internal array modes are off. The primary finding is that parasitic modes are not always silent during reading. PMIST is caused by the strong readout drive, which allows damaging resonant processes that excite the qubit and an internal parasitic mode simultaneously. Using an adiabatic Floquet approach and time-dependent simulations, these phenomena can be significant even with realistic circuit parameters and low readout drive powers.
Strong Coupling, Low-Power Threats
PMIST relies on the unexpected interaction between parasitic modes and qubit modes. For typical circuit features, the lowest-frequency even parasitic mode connects to the qubit much stronger than the intended readout cavity. One modeled instance showed that the qubit coupled to the parasitic mode six times stronger than the readout mode. Tight coupling changes the state transition landscape. In parasitic mode, the number of MIST processes increases considerably. PMIST events occur when numerous readout photons have the energy of a fluxonium mode excitation and a few parasitic mode excitations. Unlike standard MIST, which exclusively uses multi-photon processes to directly excite the qubit, PMIST allows transitions at significantly lower power thresholds. PMIST reduces MIST process start-up to 10 average readout photons at certain drive frequency. PMIST transitions were seen in simulations with moderate average cavity photon counts. The analysis found parasitic mode-mediated state changes that were unique. Identified processes include the qubit transitioning downhill and using the released energy to stimulate the parasitic mode. Such effects would not be possible without the parasitic mode as an energy sink. Along with leakage, it improves qubit relaxation.
Coherence Loss After Measurement
PMIST can continue to harm after the reading pulse. Post-readout qubit dephasing is a novel qubit error pathway when a PMIST event leaves the JJA parasitic mode with residual excitation after measurement. Some believe parasitic modes relax slowly due to their internal quality parameters. The qubit is dispersively coupled to this parasitic mode. Dephasing occurs when the parasitic mode relaxes and the qubit acquires a random phase. Simulations using an internal quality factor of showed that phase errors can be introduced with a probability of about even with a minor post-readout parasitic mode population, such as an average occupation of. This method implies that PMIST may significantly reduce qubit gate fidelities needed for quantum error correction.
Prevention Methods
The identification of PMIST as an error channel limits circuit design optimization. A tiny frequency gap between the readout mode and the lowest-frequency parasitic mode and a strong qubit-parasitic mode interaction are the key causes. The simulations show that avoiding finite is the most effective way to avoid PMIST. Changes in circuit parameters present a difficult optimization problem: Reduce Coupling Strength: More connections and lower parasitic capacitance to ground decrease coupling. Higher concurrents usually lower parasitic mode frequency. Increase the frequency gap between the readout frequency and the parasitic mode frequency to demand more readout photons for PMIST and reduce transition rates. Lower parasitic ground capacitance increases parasitic charging energy, which is good. Even with strong parasitic coupling, PMIST is rare for most readout cavity frequencies, which is reassuring. Selecting frequency allocations or circuit parameters to enhance the frequency gap and minimize coupling strengths may prevent these parasitic activities. Based on experimentally motivated fluxonium circuit settings, this work underlines the importance of considering all spurious ambient modes while running highly nonlinear circuits. Future study may focus on mitigating techniques, such as localizing parasitic modes by changing JJA junction energies. The findings enable high-fidelity, optimized fluxonium quantum processors.