Type 1 Diabetes Causes, Symptoms & Complications Details
Type 1 Diabetes or juvenile diabetes is the high blood sugar level in the adults before 40s due to the absence of insulin hormone. Mellitus is a common type of diabetes mellitus that occurs in the adult. It is due to the absence of insulin hormones by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that lowers the blood sugar level by transporting it into the adipose tissues or muscles. Glucagon is the antagonist of the insulin hormone, as it increases the blood sugar level by moving it from tissues or muscles to blood.
Type 1 diabetics suffered from increased thirst and increase hunger. Insulin administration is the best therapy to treat this type of diabetes and it can be obsolete by complete protection and therapy. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus affects mostly before 40 years of age.
CAUSES OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
A lot of factors are responsible for type 1 diabetes mellitus like genetic factors, pancreatitis, a tumor of the pancreas, etc. These factors are responsible for type 1 diabetes. Some of them are
Genetics
Viral infection
Environmental factors
Pancreatitis
Tumor of pancreas
Destruction of beta cells produces little or no insulin. The absence of insulin puts the high blood sugar level.
The pancreas' beta cells secrete insulin into the blood circulation.
Insulin circulates in the blood, allowing the sugar to enter your cells or tissues.
Insulin lowers the amount of glucose in your blood.
As your blood sugar level declines, so does the secretion of insulin from your pancreas.
If insulin is not present, the above mechanism will impair and glucose stays in your bloodstream.
The role of glucose:
Glucose is a main source of energy for all the cells that make up the muscles, tissues and other organs. Also used up for the workout.
Glucose is the body comes from two major sources: liver and food
Sugar is absorbed into the blood circulation, where it enters into the cells with the help of the insulin. Your liver stores extra glucose as glycogen form. When your glucose level is too low, such as when you have not eaten, the liver breaks down the stored glycogen into the glucose to keep the glucose levels within a normal range. Thus, glucose is stored as well as maintained.
Type 1 diabetes signs and symptoms can appear suddenly and may include the following,
Increased thirst or polydipsia
Frequent urination or polyuria
Bed-wetting in children who did not wet the * bed during the night in past
Extreme hunger or polyphagia
Unintended weight loss
Anorexia
Irritability or other mood changes
Blurring of vision
Fatigue and weakness
Nerve impairment
Amputation of leg
Edema of hands or feet
Kidney diseases
Liver impairment
COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
Type 1 diabetes complications can affect the major organs in your body including blood vessels, heart, nerves, kidneys, and eyes. Normal blood sugar levels can dramatically reduce the risk of many serious complications.
1- Nerve Damage or neuropathy
Additional Glucose damage the blood capillaries that nourish the nerve. Due to malnourished of nerve, tingling, numbness or burning can produce.
2- Kidney Damage or nephropathy
Extra glucose damaged the tiny blood vessels that filter the wastes of your body. Diabetes Mellitus can damage this fine filtering excretory system. Severe damage can lead to kidney failure or irreversible end-stage kidney failure.
3- Heart and blood vessels damaged
Diabetes drastically increases the risk of various CVS problems, including chest pain or angina, hypertension, heart attack, heart failure, stroke and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
4- Eye damage or Retinopathy
Diabetes Mellitus also damage the blood vessels of the retina (known as diabetic retinopathy), potentially causing Blindness. Diabetes also increases the risk of other serious vision conditions, such as cataracts and glaucoma.
5- Pregnancy Complications
High blood sugar levels or type 1 diabetes can be harmful to both the mother and the baby. The risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and birth defects increases when diabetes is untreated. Diabetics mothers are at a high risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, retinopathy, preeclampsia
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus is of two types i.e type 1 Diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus? The major differences are
Type 1 occurs before the age of 40s, meaning it affects adult life. While type 2 occurs after the age of 40s.
Type 1 occurs due to deficiency of insulin hormone, while type 2 is actually an insensitivity of insulin receptors.
Treatment of type 1 is insulin therapy and type 2 needs just weight loss, dietary restrictions, and exercise.
What is type 1 diabetes and how do you get it?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus affects the adults before the age of 40s, due to the autoimmune destruction of beta cells or deficient produced of insulin. Type 1 diabetes also known as Juvenile Diabetes. Due to lack of insulin hormone, blood glucose level remains elevated and extra glucose begins to deposit in the peripheral organs. Therefore, the main purpose to get rid of it is to lower the blood glucose level. Insulin therapy is a best-recommended treatment for diabetes. Insulin tablets or injections are given to the patients which store the blood glucose in muscles and keep it balanced.
What are the first signs of Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus is a disease of youngsters before 40s, due to decreased production of insulin hormone which is the most important glucose-lowering agent in blood. When an individual develops glucose in early stages, he begins to feel a few symptoms such as fatigue, restlessness, exercise intolerance or confusion. These are general symptoms which are mild initially and are not much suggestive, therefore, diagnosis of diabetes mostly late occurs. When the patient checks his blood sugar level, diabetes is confirmed because random blood glucose is greater than 200mg/dl.
Is Type 1 diabetes serious
Diabetes Mellitus is not much serious if it is diagnosed early and treated early. If the patient is taking proper insulin therapy 0.75 to 1.0U/kg daily, along with the proper dietary care, it can be cured. Diabetics diet should have 55% carbs, 30% fats (without cholesterol) and 15% proteins. You should quit refined sugars, salty food and smoking to minimize the risk of heart attack or pulmonary effusion in the future. The prognosis of type 1 diabetes is good, mostly patients recover with proper diet and insulin therapy.
How long does a person live with type 1 diabetes?
Men suffering from diabetes have a life span of almost 77 years when we take life expectancy in a healthy individual 88 years. While comparing the same in women the gap is almost 15 to 20 years.
Life expectancy reduces fast when a person is noncompliant and develops complication earlier.
Can a child with Type 1 Diabetes live a normal life?
Proper doses of insulin administration to the highly susceptible child can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. Diabetes in children can lead to some complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. But these complications occur after 10 to 15 years of initial disease. Almost 100% of the children of Diabetes Mellitus have retinopathy in the future. Some may have myocardial infarction and stroke in the future.
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