#kaludayi

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The Quest for Buddhism (30)

The family of Siddhartha (Buddha)

Kaludayi – a childhood friend, the advisor to the prince & later his disciple

Son of one of the king Suddhodana (Ref)’s ministers at Kapilavatthu; he was born on the same day as the Buddha and grew up as his playfellow. He had a strong vocabulary and was fond of art and pleasure.

He accompanied Prince Siddhartha (the Buddha before he was ordained) when he went out from the four gates (east, west, north, south and west) to see the four events and attain enlightenment (four sights).

The crown prince was later ordained and became Buddha. On the orders of King Shuddhodana, Kaludayi went to retrieve Buddha with Chandaka (the Prince's charioteer, when the Prince left the royal castle to be ordained). There he first became a disciple of the Buddha and was later allowed to return to the castle.

He was born in this life as a relative of the Buddha and later became ordained. Buddha regarded him as the first of his disciples to be trusted by his family.

He also accompanied the Buddha as his valet almsgiving and sat in the forest studying with him. At dusk, leaving his meditation, he came to the Buddha and said, "The Buddha has done many things for me. I used to feel uncomfortable because I was forbidden to eat or go out at non-time. However I respected and admired Buddha's dignity and great virtues, so I obeyed his orders and finally reached the path of happiness in body and mind.” The Buddha praised him and taught him the Dharma.

According to the Dhammapada, when he passed away at the Pubbārāma Migāra-mātupāsāda (one of the temples that existed during Buddha's reign) King Prasenajit came to pay him homage. The moon rose at that time, and the moonlight, the light of crown, the light of Buddha and the light of Kaludayi shone on a par with each other.

It is said that he was called “Udayi” because he was born on a day on which the citizens were full of joy and called “Kala” becauase of his slightly darker skin.

In the Buddhist scriptures, however, there are many people with similar names to Kaludayi, who are either the same person or different from each other.

仏教の探求 (30)

お釈迦さまの家族

迦留陀夷（かるだい、梵: カールダーイー)〜幼馴染み、太子の相談役、そして後の弟子

カピラヴァストゥのシュッドーダナ王 (ブッダの実父：参照)の大臣の息子で、ブッダと同じ日に生まれ、彼の遊び相手として育った。彼は語彙力に長け、芸術、享楽を好んでいたという。

彼は、シッダールタ太子 (出家前のブッダ)が東西南北の四門から出遊して四つの出来事を見て悟りを得たとき (四門出遊 ・しもんしゅつゆう)に同行していた。

その後、太子は出家し成道して、ブッダとなった。シュッドーダナ王の命令で、カールダーイーは、車匿 (しゃのく、梵: チャンダカ、太子が出家するために王城を離れたときの御者）と共にブッダを迎えに行った。そこで初めてブッダの弟子となり、後に城に戻ることが許された。

カールダーイーは今生にブッダの親類として生まれ、後に出家した。ブッダは彼を弟子の中で最も家族に信頼される第一人者としていた。

また、ブッダの托鉢 (たくはつ)に近侍として付き添い、一緒に森に座って学んだ。夕暮れ時、禅定(瞑想)から離れ、ブッダのもとにやってきた彼は「世尊は私にいろいろなことをしてくれました。以前は、非時に食や外出を禁じられ、不快に思ったこともありましたが、私は世尊の威厳と偉大な徳を敬い、尊敬していたので、その命令に従い、ついに身も心も幸福の道に到達したのです」と言った。ブッダは彼を褒め称え、法を説かれた。

ダンマパダによると、彼は鹿子母講堂（ろくしもこうどう、ブッダ在世にあった寺院の一つ）にて入寂したとき、波斯匿王 (はしのく・おう、梵: プラセーナジット)が彼を詣でんとして来ると、その時に月が昇り、その月光と王の光と、ブッダの光とカールダーイーの光が相競って輝いたとされる。

市民が喜ぶ日に生まれたので「ウダーイー」と呼ばれ、少し肌の色が濃いので「カーラ」と呼ばれたという。

但し、仏典には、このカールダーイーと多く似た名前の人が登場し同一人物、あるいはそれぞれ別人と見るなど差異があり一定しない。

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The Quest for Buddhism (9)

The family of Siddhartha (Buddha)

The King Suddhodana – The father

Suddhodana is the king of the Shakya and the biological father of Gautama Siddhartha (Buddha). Suddhodana, meaning "he who grows pure rice," was a leader of the Shakya, who lived in an oligarchic republic in present-day south-western Nepal, with their capital at Kapilavastu.

The King Suddhodana was against Prince Siddhartha 's ordination. However, when Siddhartha (Buddha) finally left the kingdom, he sent five monks to guard him.

Suddhodana lamented his son's departure and spent considerable effort attempting to locate him. It is reported in Buddhist scriptures to have sent 10,000 messengers to plead with Siddhartha to return. Seven years later, after word of his enlightenment reached Suddhodana, he sent nine emissaries to invite Siddhartha back to the Shakya land. The Buddha preached to the emissaries and their entourage, who joined the Sangha.

Suddhodana then sent a close friend of Siddhartha, Kaludayi, to invite him to return. Kaludayi also chose to become a monk, but kept his word to invite the Buddha back to his home. The Buddha accepted his father's invitation and returned to visit his home. During this visit, he preached the dharma to Suddhodana.

In the Prajnaparamita Sutra of Suddhodana, 4 years later, when the Buddha heard of Suddhodana's impending death, he once again returned to his home with Nanda, Rahula and Ananda and further preach to his dying father, King Shuddhodana. Shuddhodana died and his coffin was carried by the Four Heavenly Kings. Finally, Shuddhodana became an arhat.

仏教の探求 (9)

お釈迦さまの家族

浄飯王 (じょうぼん・おう、梵：シュッドーダナ) 〜父

浄飯王(じょうぼん・おう、梵：シュッドーダナ)は、釈迦族の王にして釈迦(梵：シッダールタ)の実父。シュッドーダナとは「純粋な米を作る者」という意味で、現在のネパール南西部のカピラヴァストゥを首都とする寡頭制共和国である釈迦族の指導者であった。

浄飯王 (以下：シュッドーダナ) は釈迦の出家に反対した。しかし釈迦がついに出家すると、五比丘(５人の僧)を遣わして警護させた。

シュッドーダナは息子の出家を嘆き、その行方を捜すのに多大な労力を費やした。仏典には、1万人の使者を送って釈迦の帰還を懇願したと記されている。7年後、釈迦の悟りの知らせがシュッドーダナに届くと、父王は9人の使者を送って釈迦を王国へ呼び戻した。釈迦は使者とその側近に説法し、彼らはサンガに入った。

再び、釈迦の親友である幼なじみのカルダイを送り、釈迦の帰還を促した。カルダイもまた僧侶になる道を選んだが、釈尊を故郷に招くという約束は守った。釈迦は父の招待を受け、再び実家を訪ねた。この訪問の際、釈迦は父王シュッドーダナに法を説いた。

浄飯王般涅槃経には、その4年後、釈迦はシュッドーダナの死が近いことを知ると、釈迦はナンダ、ラーフラ、アーナンダを率いて来て見舞い、臨終を迎えた父、シュッドーダナにさらに説法した。シュッドーダナは死して四天王がその棺を担いだとある。最後にシュッドーダナは阿羅漢となった。