#legendre

[noosphe-re]

One cannot have beautiful trees without loving them. Neither goodness of soil, nor rich manure, nor favourable situations will alone make them thrive, but it is the gardener's affection which make them strong and vigorous.

LeGendre, Superintendent of the Royal Gardens under Louis XIII in 1652 (from Fruit Growing In India by W.B. Hayes)

[itsgerges]

Best Regards

Does The Physicist Vision Contradict The Nature System? 

Please read

The Gravitational Waves Reflection Analysis

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Best Regards The Gravitational Waves Reflection Analysis or Basic Critic Against The Physics Book It's the main problem I found in the s

or

I study the solar system Geometry since long years- and- I have found the physicist and astronomer can't understand the solar system designer vision– in fact their vision contradict the designer vision- let's prove that in following  

The Physicist Vision

The physicist supposes that there's (a unit of building)- by that- the physicist sees the mass (for example) as wall and this wall is consisted of bricks (small similar units) and for that the physicist searched for this (unit) because it's the (unit) by which the wall is building (the mass is building)– this is the physicist thinking direction- he believed there's a small unit by which the great building is built

For that the physicist searched and found the particle and then the particle is divided into Molecules then the Molecule is divided into atoms and the atom is divided into nucleus and electron moves around and the nucleus is divided into proton and Neutron- and the proton is divided into quarks …etc

The physicist searches for the building unit- the unit by which the building is built – or the unit by which the mass is built – for that the physicist divides (any thing) to see its contents till reach to the unit which can be used as the building unit. 

The Designer Vision

The designer aims to create integration- as the marriage – male and female- the relationship will cause to give birth for a child

INTEGRATION this is the word inside the designer Mind

No building unit- the marriage answers- because in marriage both (male and female) are required and no one of them better than the other – both work together and give equal effects on the same one process and give together one result- I explain the idea by the marriage because it's easy to understand- I want to put the word (Integration) as the basic concept in the designer mind.

And

I want to explain how the physicist causes fatal error for the research method

While the physicist divides the elements one after one (from matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) this division from out into inner till reach to very small unit which he considered the building unit – that causes to destroy the geometrical design of the integration process

Let's return to the marriage- the marriage requires two players (male and female)- they have different bodies and the process give birth for children- Suppose we remove one player what would happen? (where can we find a woman pregnant by herself?)

I want to say- the division from (matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) destroys the general geometrical design which uses the integration process- let's give other examples

Example No. (1)   

Einstein told us (He can't find slightest meaning for the word SPACE) by that he can't define (what's the space) and also he found the space has no mechanical features because no definition causes these features – this is the physicist vision - Let's see the designer vision

Planet moves and its motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and where's the energy? the planet can't store its motion energy inside its body because this energy would raise the planet temperature and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- so- where's the planet motion energy? logically we suppose that- the energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- the planet moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space (as the fish swims in the sea and its motion creates waves in the sea water) similar to that the planet motion produces energy and this energy creates waves in the space- by that we can define the space and conclude the space nature and features- simply we conclude the space has mechanical features because the energy is stored in the space as moving waves- the gravitational waves prove the space has motion- why we can solve the question which Einstein couldn't solve? Because he supposed the planet is independent from the space- the integration concept is not known by him

Notice

The waves are produced by the planet motion energy are the gravitational waves, the paper first hypothesis proves these waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field also the hypothesis proves the Sun doesn't produce a gravitational field.   

Example No. (2)   

The scientists stated (The Sun Rays Are Created By The Sun Nuclear Fusion Process)

Why?

Because they think the sun is independent from the planets and each planet is independent from the other– the harmony motion can not prove all players are created from one unified source (one energy) - the integration is not seeing here 

But

We can reach to the facts simply- because- the planet moves and produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and this energy is stored in the space in moving waves-

The simple idea tells (the energy can NOT be stored in the space forever) this stored energy must be used- here we see how the sun rays is created- clearly- the Sun Is NOT Doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays- why? because the solar system is very rich in the motion energy and massive motion energy is stored in the space logically this stored energy must be used by some method- based on that- I conclude – the sun rays are produced from this stored energy regardless the production mechanism (means even if I don't know how the sun rays is produced by this energy) I still can confirm that the sun rays is created from the planets motions energies which are stored in the solar system space as moving waves-

I wish I explain the idea clearly -I can discover the space nature and features by planet motion analysis – why? because of the integration- they do one unified job together and each player can be defined by the analysis for the other player.

Notice

My theory tells (The sun rays are created from the gravitational waves and the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies) – that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 millions Kelvin and the sun surface is 5800 Kelvin because the energy is not come from the sun body.

The Concept Problem -the problem is the eyes – the physicist eyes should see the integration while the integration is growing– let's give example to see this problem

The Earth and its moon move together and they create integrated motion- that shows unified motion by the two planets – but this integration is growing by Venus Motion effect on both planets and by that we have greater integration contains (The Earth- The Moon – Venus) – But Mars also has effect on the three planets – that shows greater integration contains the four planets and of Course Mercury has effect on all and that created greater integration contains the inner planets –

The integration is growing till contain all planets and the Sun together – why?- because it's One Unified Energy behind all players

It needs one genius can understand all these motions and their effects on each other to create one unified motion and one unified effect

The physicist needs very wide eyes can see the great integrated system and all small integrated systems inside it– (something like a great chess board which have hundreds of pieces- if the eyes can see all pieces motions and their effects)

The Concept Use Difficulty-

Why is it hard to discover the integration in the solar system?

Because the geometrical rules are not known and we need to analyze the planets data deeply to discover these rules and see the integration behind it–let's see two examples can help to explain this meaning

Example No. (I)

Why Is The Moon Orbital Apogee Radius = 406000 Km?

The moon daily displacement =88000 km and during 29.53 days (the moon day period) the displacements total be = 2.598 million km = 2π x 413600 km

 

The data tells us the moon orbital apogee radius should be 413600 km and also it tells, because the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is so long, the moon should revolve around the Earth through this apogee orbit its radius (413600 km) only and can't revolve around the Earth through any more near orbit…

Not Facts

The moon orbital apogee radius =406000 km only and the moon revolves around the Earth through near orbits and can reach to perigee radius (363000 km). 

How Can The Moon Do That?

 

The intelligent moon creates an angle (θ) between its motion direction and its orbit horizontal level by that the real displacement (L) through the orbit be less than (88000 km) because it be (L = 88000 km cos θ), as a result the total displacements be less than (2.598 million km) and that makes the moon orbital apogee radius to be decreased from 413600 km to 406000 km.

We should pay attention for the angle (θ), because this angle controls the moon motion features – where- with the angle (θ) increasing the real displacement (L) be shorter and the moon can revolve around the Earth through more near orbits – but –with the angle (θ) deceasing the real displacement (L) be longer and that pushes the moon far from the Earth to more far orbits.

The moon orbital motion Equation depends on this angle (θ) it tells θ1 = θ0 +1.7

where (θ1) = today angle and (θ0) =yesterday angle

1.7 degrees be used as the moon daily motion degrees for the equation

NOTICE

This example aims to show how to discover the geometrical rules by using the planets data-But the example doesn't provide a picture for the integration because it's a motion done by the moon only- the next example shows the integration system based on which the total solar eclipse is created

Example No. (II)

DATA

DATA NO. (i)

4900 million km     = 1.392 million km x 3475 km (The Moon Diameter)

                             = 449197 km x 10921 km (The Moon Circumference)                                             = 406000 km x 12104 km (Venus Diameter)                              

                             = 384000 km x 12756 km (The Earth Diameter)                         

                             = 363000 km x2 x 6792 km (Mars Diameter)

Notice

1.392 million km = π x 449197 km (error 1.3%)  where       

4900 million km     = Jupiter Orbital Circumference

1.392 million km    = The Sun Diameter 

449197 km            = Jupiter Circumference

406000 km            =The Earth Moon Distance For The Apogee Radius

384000 km            =The Moon Orbital Distance

363000 km            =The Moon Distance For The Perigee Radius

DATA NO. (ii)

1.392 million km /3475 km = (149.6 million km/ 373500 km) where

149.6 million km    = The Earth Orbital Distance

373500 km            = The Earth Moon Distance (At The Total Solar Eclipse) 

DATA NO. (iii)

Jupiter Venus distance               = 671 million km

Venus Orbital Circumference     = 680 million km (error 1.3%)

Jupiter Earth Distance                = 928 million km

The Earth Orbital Circumference = 940 million km (error 1.3%)

Notice – the distance 928 million km = 149.6 million km + 778.6 million km

(means the distance 928 million km is found when the two planets be on different sides from the sun)

DATA NO. (iv)

Jupiter (13.1 km/s) moves in 10921 seconds a distance 142984 km = Jupiter diameter

And

4900 million km = 449197 km (Jupiter circumference) x 10921 km

4900 million km = (13.1 km/s) x π x (10921 seconds)^2

Discussion

1- Preface

2- The Sun Diameter Definition Rule

3- The Sun Position Analysis

4- Jupiter Orbit Design Uses The Moon Circumference

5- The Sun diameter should be = 400 The Moon diameter

1- Preface

My theory tells (the sun rays are created by the gravitational waves and not by any nuclear fusion process – also- I claim- the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field moreover the sun doesn’t produce a gravitational field) –

Means, The theory tells the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies – 

Also that means, The Sun Is Created After All Planets Creation And Motion- let's see the eclipse reason data here

(The Sun Diameter / The Moon Diameter)= (The Earth Orbital Distance / The Earth Moon Distance)

The old question asked why does the diameters rate equal = the distances rate and the wrong answer was always (Pure coincidence)

The fact is that the sun is created after all planets creation and motion and that means the sun diameter is created based on the moon diameter and that tells the sun diameter depends on 2 players which are (the moon diameter) and the number (400) because

The sun diameter 1.392 million km = the moon diameter 3475 km x 400

 Here we need to know why the sun diameter is created depending on these two players

2- The Sun Diameter Definition Rule

My planet diameter equation proves the planet diameter is created as a function in its orbital distance- Can the sun diameter be created by a similar method? that necessitates the sun diameter to be a function in some distance- but – what distance? Let's see the next data 

The sun diameter 1.392 million km= 449197 km (Jupiter Circumference) x π   (1.3%)

The data shows a connection between the sun diameter and Jupiter Circumference-

Can The Sun Position In The Sky Be Defined Based On Jupiter Orbit? Let's examine that

My theory tells the sun is created by the planets motions energies and that means the sun is created after all planets creation and motion– means- while the planets were found and moving in their orbits the sun is created Later and that necessitated to define a position for the sun in the sky

I claim- the sun position is defined based on Jupiter orbit – that can explain the previous data and also the total solar eclipse data

Now – let's ask – Can the sun position in the sky be defined based on Jupiter Orbit? We try to answer this question in the next point

3- The Sun Position Analysis

The space is not static but in motion- means – all points are in motion in the solar system space and the solar system design needs to create a stationary point on which the sun will be created – the stationary point moves by zero motion approximately (in fact it moves by 1 km/s) – but how this point can be found in the space where the space is in motion and no any point is stationary in it? (the space is similar to the sea of water and no stationary point is found in the sea because every thing is in motion)

Means- the creation of the stationary point in the space needs specific procedure– let's see it

The Sun Point Creation Procedure

Before the sun creation, the planets revolved around a point in space (any point in space), the revolution motion creates 2 equal velocities on the revolution both sides - the two velocities are equal in value and opposite in direction- their total be Zero-shortly- the revolution motion creates A Stationary Point in the center of the revolution- that means- the chosen point of space was in motion before the planets revolve around it but when the planets revolve around it this point becomes stationary point and this point motion be Zero approximately (1 km/s)- please note – the point is static and has no motion and its velocity should be Zero but the mathematical calculations of this point can't use the Zero number that's why the velocity be 1 km/s the most low velocity higher than Zero-

Now let's see the data by which the planets starting their revolutions around the sun

DATA NO. (III)

Jupiter Mercury Distance           = 721 million km

Mercury Orbital Circumference = 360 million km

Jupiter Venus distance               = 671 million km

Venus Orbital Circumference     = 680 million km (error 1.3%)

Jupiter Earth Distance                = 928 million km

The Earth Orbital Circumference = 940 million km (error 1.3%) (The distance 928 million km is found when the two planets be on different sides from the sun)

THE DATA ANALYSIS

Here we suppose the sun is not created yet and this data defines the sun position before the sun creation- means- we try to define the point of space only

Let's ask -

Where's this required point around which the planets will revolve?

Venus Role

Venus Jupiter distance = 671 million km and Venus used this distance to be the orbital circumference around the required point (680 million km=Venus orbital circumference) (error 1.3%) by that the required point is defined by Venus revolution around it. 

Mercury Role

Mercury Jupiter distance = 721 million km and Mercury used (half of) this distance to be the orbital circumference around the required point (360 million km=Mercury orbital circumference)- by that the required point is defined by Venus revolution around it

The Earth Role

The Earth Jupiter distance = 928 million km and The Earth used this distance to be the orbital circumference around the required point (940 million km =The Earth orbital circumference error 1.3%) - by that the required point is defined by Venus revolution around it

We see the four planets defines their orbital circumferences based on Jupiter orbit

Please see deeply this distribution because

The designer put Venus and Mercury on the left side of the sun to define the required point for the sun from this left side and

The designer put The Earth and Its Moon on the right side of the sun to define the required point for the sun from this right side

Means- the required point is defined by four planets – two on each side- and all distances depend on Jupiter orbit and for that these planets orbital circumferences are defined based on Jupiter orbital circumference and by that the sun position is defined based on Jupiter orbit- this is very important fact- because the sun diameter will be defined based on Jupiter orbit-

Now we have answer for the question (why are the 3 planets orbital circumferences equal their distances to Jupiter?) because based on these three distances the sun position is defined- means- the sun position depends on these three planets positions to be defined and these three planets positions depended on Jupiter position and orbit  

And that caused the sun diameter to be created as a function in Jupiter orbital circumference as the data proves

Now we know the sun position is defined depending on Jupiter orbit- let's see the relationship between Jupiter orbital circumference and the moon diameter – let's review its data in following

DATA NO. (iv)

Jupiter (13.1 km/s) moves in 10921 seconds a distance 142984 km = Jupiter diameter

And

4900 million km = 449197 km (Jupiter circumference) x 10921 km

4900 million km = (13.1 km/s) x π x (10921 seconds)^2

The Earth moon circumference 10921 km is used by Jupiter motion in different units- it's hard to see the depth of this data but we conclude that the moon circumference 10921 km is produced by some geometrical reason has effect on Jupiter orbit- Means- Jupiter is the parent of the moon and the number 10921 km is belonged to Jupiter

And if we remember the data

1392000 km (The Sun Diameter) = 449197 km (Jupiter Circumference) x π   (1.3%)

The previous data shows the sun and the moon diameters are defined by Jupiter motion and orbit and that shows the two values by geometrical rules are related to each other and that causes the proportionality between them we see in the total solar eclipse data –

Notice (1)

1392000 km (the sun diameter) = 406000 km (the planets diameters total) x 3.4

The data proves the sun diameter is rated with the planets diameters total by the rate 3.4 where (3.4 degrees = Venus orbital inclination) and it's related to Pluto orbital inclination (17.2 degrees) because (sin 3.4 = 1/17.2)

Also sin (3.4 deg) x 100733 mkm = 5906 mkm (Pluto orbital distance)  

100733 mkm = The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total

This last data is important because it defines Pluto orbital distance means it defines the most far point from the sun in the solar system- means- it's the solar system boundaries- that tells the solar system general design depends on the angle (3.4 degrees) that causes this angle to be used as Venus orbital inclination and caused also to make Pluto orbital inclination as 17.2 degrees (please note the inner planets orbital inclinations total is 17.4 degrees error 1%)- that tells the proportionality of the sun diameter with the planets diameters total depends on the solar system general design.  

Notice (2)

37100 mkm (Pluto orbital circumference) - 4900 mkm (Jupiter orbital circumference) = 32200 mkm = (100733 mkm /π)

Where 100733 mkm = The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total

This data tells the solar planets orbital circumferences total depends on Jupiter and Pluto orbital circumferences- this analysis aims to prove that the solar system general design depends on Jupiter orbit- and that means- the sun position definition depends on Jupiter orbit and that causes the sun position definition depend on the solar system general design.

Notice (3)

Light (300000 km/s) moves in 335777 seconds =100733 mkm (The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total)- But -

Jupiter (13.1 km/s) x 335777 seconds = 4.37 million km (The sun circumference)

THE CONCLUSION

The Sun Position Is Defined Depends On Jupiter Orbit (CONT)

Gerges Francis Tawdrous [phone]

Physics Department-  Physics & Mathematics  Faculty 

Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow   (2010-2013)

Curriculum Vitae                   https://www.academia.edu/s/b88b0ecb7c

E-mail                             [email protected], [email protected]

                                      [email protected]                   

ORCID                           https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147

Facebook                       https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous

VK                                 https://vk.com/id696655587

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Google                                https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2Y4ZdTUAAAAJ&hl=en

Livejournal                      https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile

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[highlyentropicmind]

Legendre was a very important mathematician, but this is the only image we have of how he looked like

This comes from a collection of caricatures some guy did of 73 people in the university he attended, Legendre being one of them

And what's even funnier is that this is new development. For 200 years people thought this was Legendre the mathematician

But no, in 2005 someone discovered this was a politician who happened to have the same name

And then in 2008 someone found the book of portraits, and from now on that will be how people think of him

Hilarious

[the-natural-logarithm-of-e]

Sometimes you just have to paint Legendre.

[lthmath]

A little late on sharing the historical facts we have shared during March, but better late than never. With this strange situation, we are happy about how we managed to stay on top of the History of Mathematics facts in March and April (as well). I cannot believe this is our 8th month we are doing this!!! So excited and thankfull for your support (check our previous: February). Hope you will like these posts!

Before we go to our normal posts, we have a couple of posts from our Women in Mathematics Calendar we have been working on:

Going on with our other lovely interesting facts:

I was impressed by how late he was appointed professor of mathematics. For me this was a case of working even harder for something and that sometimes is better later than never.

This is such an awesome quote and I love how De Beaune points out the importance of geometry.

This was an interesting find, I had no idea about the least square method until I read this and I had to look for more. If you are as curious as me, I totally recommend you check it out.

This is another case of new discovery: the Reverse Polish Notation. If you have no idea what that is, you have to check it out.

Complex numbers have been a fascination for me. It took me a lot of time to properly understand it fully and I still find myself fascinated by some aspects.

If you are not a fan of John von Neumann‘s work by this point… then you should defenetly become one…soon.

This is a quote from a 1960 letter from Hubert James: “While at the Radiation Laboratory Schwinger invented important methods in electromagnetic field theory, which were extensively employed in the development of the theory of wave guides. He developed variational techniques that produced major advances in several fields of mathematical physics. Still more important were his contributions to the development of the modern form of quantum electrodynamics, through introduction of the “renormalization” technique. For this work he received the Nature of Light Award of the National Academy of Sciences, and shared with Kurt Gödel the first award of the $15 000 Albert Einstein Prize for achievement in Natural Science.”

I have heard about this a while ago and it was a little shock for me. I have known the “L’ Hospital’s Rule” since high-school and I never thought it wasn’t by L’ Hospital… I would like to write more about this soon, just an interesting topic.

This is one of those things we should know a little bit about. Analytic geometry is really important at the moment. It is widely used in physics and engineering, and also in aviation, rocketry, space science, and spaceflight. It is the foundation of most modern fields of geometry, including algebraic, differential, discrete and computational geometry.

Gauss had always fascinated me. I think that he saw mathematics so differently than anyone else and it is fascinating to read about his discoveries.

An interesting small fact about Karl Weierstrass. I had no idea he was a gymnasium teacher before.

Hope you are enjoying this new series. We are having a lot of time searching and writing about these aspects. Enjoy the day! You can find us on Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter and  Instagram. We will try to post there as often as possible.

Lots of love and don’t forget that maths is everywhere! Enjoy!

A History of Mathematics | March A little late on sharing the historical facts we have shared during March, but better late than never.

[montagnarde1793]

Séance de la Convention nationale du 2 prairial an III d'après le Moniteur universel (par laquelle on voit comment la version des faits donnée pour le Moniteur pour la séance de la veille a été reconstituée post hoc, Réimpression de l'ancien Moniteur, t. XXIV, n° 247, p. 518-523)

GOULY [colon esclavagiste, député de l'Isle-de-France (Île Maurice)] : On a dit tout à l’heure qu’on ne devait pas mettre hors la loi les hommes qui sont en prison ; ce principe est sacré : mais les hommes qui ont été arrêté hier soir étaient déjà hors la loi ; il suffit de constater l’identité des personnes, pour qu’on puisse les frapper. (Vifs applaudissements.) Le temps de l’indulgence est passé. (Nouveaux applaudissements.)

[...]

[On ne suit pas Gouly et] Le décret est rendu dans les termes suivants :

« La Convention nationale décrète d’accusation les représentants du peuple Duquesnoy, Duroy, Bourbote [Bourbotte], Prieur (de la Marne), Romme, Soubrany, Goujon, Albitte aîné, Peyssard, Lecarpentier (de la Manche), Pinet aîné, Borie et Fayau, décrétés d’arrestation dans la séance du 1er prairial ;

« Et les représentants Ruamps, Thuriot, Cambon, Maribon-Montaut, Duhem, Amar, Choudieu, Chasles, Foussedoire, Huguet, Léonard Bourdon, Granet, Levasseur (de la Sarthe), Lecointre (de Versailles), décrétés d’arrestation dans les séances des 12 et 16 germinal ;

« Et charge ses comités de sûreté générale et de législation de lui faire un rapport, dans trois jours, pour déterminer le tribunal et la commune dans lesquels ils seront jugés. (On applaudit.)

[...]

BOURDON [de l'Oise] : Vous venez de porter un décret d’accusation ; je dois acquitter ma conscience sur le compte d’un de ceux qui s’y trouvent compris sans de grands motifs. Ruhl [Rühl], ce vieillard de soixante-dix ans, hydropique, ne me paraît pas suffisamment accusé ; je n’ai entendu lui reprocher que quelques paroles adressées au peuple égaré. J’ai vécu longtemps avec ce vieillard, et j’ai appris à le respecter. Cependant je saurai faire céder à la justice les sentiments les plus doux : s’il est criminel je cesse de le défendre ; mais je désire être convaincu avant d’user de toute la rigueur des lois, et je demande qu’il reste en arrestation jusqu’à ce que les comités fassent un rapport.

BOISSY : Je demande à rendre compte d’un fait : Ruhl [Rühl] m’a apporté au bureau une motion écrite, tendant à décréter qu’il ne serait porté aucune atteinte à la constitution de 1793, et que la Convention s’occuperait sans relâche d’assurer les subsistances de Paris. Je lui représentai qu’il était impossible de délibérer, et je priai de ne point insister ; il se retira ; le papier fut enlevé par eux qui m’environnaient.

LEGENDRE : La proposition de Bourdon est sage ; je demande qu’on l’adopte.

« La Convention décrète que Ruhl [Rühl] restera en arrestation jusqu’à ce que le comité fasse un rapport à son égard.

*** : Je demande la même faveur pour Prieur (de la Marne) : j’ai été toujours près de lui, il n’a pas dit un seul mot.

[...]

Le membre qui avait déjà parlé en faveur de Prieur (de la Marne) reprend la parole ; il assure lui avoir entendu dire aux factieux : « Enfants, laissez la Convention libre, elle fera de bonne [sic] lois ; vous aurez du pain ; n’attaquez point l’intégralité [le Journal des débats et des décrets met "intégrité"] de la représentation nationale. »

BOURDON [de l'Oise] : Je suis obligé de dire que cette nuit, me promenant dans le salon de la Liberté avec mon collègue Quenet, et notre conversation roulant sur les malheureux événements dont nous avions été témoins, il me dit qu’au moment où le comité fit entrer les bons citoyens pour chasser les factieux de votre salle, il entendit Prieur crier deux fois : « A moi, à moi, braves sans-culottes, marchons ! »

QUENET [Quéinnec, ancien Brissotin et député du Finistère, où Prieur a été envoyé comme représentant en mission] : Je n’ai pas bien distingué si c’était Prieur, parce que ma vue est faible ; mais j’ai entendu le cri, et j’ai reconnu sa voix.

L’assemblée maintient le décret contre Prieur.

[picturesquephysics]

The Lagrangian wall.

[berrysphase]

AMAZING

It turns out that this caricature is the only known portrait of the mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre, of Legendre polynomial and Legendre transform fame.  The ruffled and prosperous portrait that has been appearing in textbooks for some 200 years is an apparently unrelated obscure French politician with the same surname instead.

It is amazing and hilarious to me that a person could have such an enduring impact on the field -- surely there is no greater accomplishment in mathematics than to become an adjective -- and yet leave this as their only surviving visual memory.