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Battery Science 101
What is a battery? ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY Batteries power our lives by transforming energy from one type to another. Whether a traditional disposable battery (e.g. AA) or a rechargeable lithium-ion battery (used in cell phones, laptops and cars), a battery stores chemical energy and releases electrical energy. There are four key parts in a battery — the cathode (positive side of the…
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IBM found a way to make a battery that relies on materials from seawater instead of cobalt or nickel which are harmful to the environment.
Winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019
Sketches of: John B Goodenough, M Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino Credit: Copyright © Nobel Media 2019. Illustration: Niklas Elmehed
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2019 has been awarded to three scientists from the US and Japan for their work in creating and developing lithium-ion batteries.
By Idha Valeur
The prize was awarded to the University of Texas at Austin, USA, Professor John B Goodenough, Binghamton University, USA, Chemist and Professor M Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino, Chemist and Professor at Nagoya-based Meijo University in Japan.
The three winners received the prize for their contribution to developing the lithium-ion batteries of today, that we all use constantly in our everyday life. Such as in our phones, our computers and in our cars.
The first steps were taken by Wittingham in the time of the oil crisis in the 70s and his work revolved around creating methods to create fossil-fuel-free technologies. He created a cathode in a lithium battery made up of titanium disulphide which is capable of housing lithium ions. This left a battery with large potential – the only problem was its explosive nature, deeming it less practical.
The solution to improving the potential of the cathode developed by Whittingham came from John Goodenough who envisioned that swapping the metal sulphide used with a metal oxide would make that possible. He managed to prove his theory in 1980 as he successfully showed that cobalt oxide with lithium ions between could produce up to four volts, doubling the power of Wittingham’s research.
It was not until 1985 that the first commercially ready battery was developed, based on Goodenough’s previous research and his cathode. The battery in 1985 was created by Akira Yoshino who used petroleum coke instead of reactive lithium. Petroleum coke, similarly to the cathode’s cobalt oxide, can intercalate lithium ions, according to the release.
This resulted in a lightweight and heard wearing battery capable of being charged numerous times before any deterioration in performance could be detected.
The prize, nine million Swedish krona – which is approximately £740,592 – will be shared between the three.
The Materials World team congratulate the winners.
Because lithium-ion batteries power modern life, they need to store a lot of energy. Now scientists are focusing on making them safer.
The Mahoneys’ hoverboard turned out to be a blast from the past. But not in a way the Stoneham, Mass., family had hoped.
The toy’s wheeled platform can carry a standing rider around the neighborhood. This one had sat unused for years. A few last spins before donating it to charity seemed like fun. So mom plugged it in to charge its lithium-ion battery.
Explainer: How batteries and capacitors differ
While charging, the battery overheated and exploded. The ensuing flames set the family’s house on fire. A teenage daughter was home at the time. As the house filled with smoke, she climbed out a second-story window and onto an overhang. From there, she jumped to the ground as police officers stood by. The 2019 episode caused hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of damage, according to news reports.
Chemist Judith Jeevarajan has heard a lot about problems with products powered by lithium-ion batteries. She studies battery chemistry and safety for Underwriters Laboratory in Houston, Texas. The company carries out safety research on products that we use daily.
In the United States alone, a government safety agency has received thousands of reported failures by lithium-ion batteries. The good news: Rates of catastrophic failures have fallen, Jeevarajan says. Today, perhaps 1 in 10 million lithium-ion batteries fail, she says. And reports of hoverboards catching flame have waned. Now Jeevarajan hears more about problems with the batteries in e-cigarettes.
This includes a 2018 vape-pen explosion that sent a teen to the hospital with a shattered jawbone and a hole in his chin. One study estimates that between 2015 and 2017, more than 2,000 battery explosions or burn injuries sent vapers to the hospital. There were even a couple of deaths.
The problem is that an overheated e-cig battery can get out of control fast. Users may be hurt badly, Jeevarajan says. “But then also … the carpet’s burning, the drapes are burning, the furniture is burning and so on.” Despite having just one lithium-ion cell in it, she notes, a failed e-cig battery “can cause so much damage.”
Fortunately, most lithium-ion batteries work as intended — and don’t catch fire. But when one does, the result can be catastrophic. So researchers are working to make these batteries safer while engineering them to be even more powerful.
Researchers at the University of Sydney just worked out how to solve one of the biggest problems standing in the way for zinc-air batteries to replace...
94-Year-Old Inventor Of New, Safer Lithium-Ion Battery Proves You're Never TOO OLD!
94-Year-Old Inventor Of New, Safer Lithium-Ion Battery Proves You’re Never TOO OLD!
John Goodenough, the 94-year-old inventor of the lithium-ion battery, has made more progress in the field. He has created a glass battery that charges within minutes instead of hours.
The new battery is also more powerful, lasts longer, and it won’t catch fire. It can be used in a wide range of temperatures. He also thinks that he may be able to replace the lithium with the more-abundant sodium…
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The production of lithium-ion battery cells began at Tesla’s massive Nevada Gigafactory earlier this month, but in the future, the factory will make more than just batteries. As announced by Nevada...
Scientists develop nearly indestructible lithium-ion. Soak, shoot, bend or cut it. Works for 100 hours after being lit on fire.
