I'm having some trouble understanding low empathy and I was wondering if you could help me out? I feel sad when I think about people and animals getting mistreated, but when somebody comes to me with a problem they have and it's something really sad I don't really feel anything? Like I don't experiance any intense emotions and I just comfort them because that is what you do. From what I've read this sounds like low empathy to me but I have a hard time being sure on understanding stuff like this.
Empathy - the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
Sympathy - feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else’s misfortune.
(these are the first definitions that show up when you google the terms)
Feeling sad in response to people or animals getting mistreated, as described in your ask, would thus fall under sympathy. Not feeling much in response to someone coming to you with a problem could be either related to empathy (not understanding or sharing their emotional state at that moment) or sympathy (not feeling pity or sorrow for them and their situation at that moment).
My guess is that thinking about a specific scenario you cognitively understand and know the details of (i.e.people or animals being mistreated as a general concept you understand is wrong / hurtful, or specific individuals being mistreated or being mistreated in specific ways) will make it easier for you to sympathize / empathize with those involved, whereas we often don’t have that knowledge or the processing time we need when interacting with others in real time. Empathy can be further separated into three core types: cognitive, affective and compassionate, cognitive meaning recognising how the person is feeling, affective meaning the sharing of that emotional state and compassionate empathy being about being driven to help. This is also, generally speaking, the order this would occur in in a situation: you see (recognise) someone is feeling sad (cognitive empathy), allowing you to then share their emotional state and also feel sad (affective / emotional empathy), moving you to action in wanting to help the other person (compassionate empathy).
With autistic individuals, however, due to difficulties reading social and non-verbal cues and needing more time to process information, we may struggle to fully understand a (social) situation or recognise how someone is feeling, or we may need more time or have to put in conscious effort to be able to do this. Cognitive empathy also encompasses perspective-taking (putting yourself in another person’s shoes, figuratively speaking), which is something many autistics struggle with. Many autistic people want to help and are capable of affective empathy as well, but sometimes navigating cognitive empathy can get in the way. You can still comfort or support someone without sharing someone’s emotional state though, as you described you do when someone comes to you with a problem.