Manuel Cerda Ortiz (1949, Mexico)
Sinfonia Bicentenario “Feñ'u heni”- I. Primera parte
(Symphony for the Bicentennial of the independence of Mexico - I. First part)
Coro municipal Guadalajara - Roberto Gutierrez, cond.
Coro de la Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro - Lucia Tapia, cond.
Coro ‘Voces queretanas‘ - Juan Ledesma Marquina, cond.
Orquesta Filarmónica de Queretaro - José Guadalupe Flores, cond.
The great travel begins with the simplicity of the first step. A bare percussion takes us into the prehispanic world, characterized by its magical, religious cosmovision. The tender first theme is introduced by the flute and piccolo, and it will be taken as the leitmotiv along the movement. Later, the clarinets join, exposing the noble warrior spirit of the Aztecs, to combine this duality of the mexica empire, always represented by the woodwinds section. Subtly a dense harmonic texture will emerge, in relation with the rich and complex mexica culture.
The Aztecs had power over several people. The rich tributes came from all the regions of the empire to Tenochtitlan, making it a stunning city. The Tlatoani (“the one who speaks”, nahuatl term for a ruler of a state) Moctezuma Xocoyotzin, was a believer of the legend about the return of Quetzaloatl. News arrived about “mountains” moving on the sea, with white and bearded men on them. The chorus shouts it’s astonishment and surprise of the arriving of the Spaniards. The first expeditions of the conquerors are represented by the discreet interventions of the brass section, that will represent the invader army along the movement, and the fear of the natives is represented by the tremolo of the stings. Facing the imminent arrival of the “white men”, the organization of the defense of the city begins; the anguish and the haste can be heard in the woodwinds, and the strings give testimony of the stealth of the attack of the mexica people. Soon, the shoots of the intimidating and lethal arquebuses are heard, unleashing the bloody battle. Both armies sing in unison their desire of victory; nevertheless it’s given to the invaders. A downhearted melody of the natives cries their defeat, as the people fall in the humiliating subjugation.
In the presence of the bloodstained walls and roads, the dead bodies are the silent witnesses of the surrender of a glorious past.
The endless sound of the percussion announces the curfew.
After the conquest, the evangelization of the new world begins. The cellos create from their deep voice a modal theme, as the bass clarinet and the flutes trace the melody of “Alegres luces del día” and “Que culpa ellos tuvieron”, works of Manuel de Sumaya, Kapellmeister of the Mexico city cathedral, and representative of the splendor of the mexican baroque music. Outside the sacred enclosure, the darkness, and the anonymity of the slavery reigns. After a reminiscence of the first theme, the chirimia (represented by the oboe), accompanied by a drum, plays an Otomi melody, as a brief evocation of the conspiracy for the independence, interrumpted by the ringing of the bells calling for the insurrection.
The Father of the Nation, armed with his ideals and using an image of the Virgin of Guadalupe as a standard, starts the independence war. In the chaotic atmosphere, reflection of the battles, surrounded by a flood of notes, the Te Deum by Palestrina appears, singed by the brass, while everything around is confusion and death. The Te Deum, now choral, slowly opens its path in history, reclaiming the product of the evangelization.
The peace of the death is the only thing standing still.
The miscegenation has been accomplished, bringing origin to a new race and a new nation.