Nov 5, 2025
James, Duke of York, 1633-1701
Artist: Henri Gascar (French, c. 1635-1701)
Date: 1672-1673
Medium: Oil painting
Collection: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
James II of England
James II and VII (1633 – 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII from February 1685 until he was deposed in the 1688 Glorious Revolution. The last Catholic monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland, his reign is remembered primarily for conflicts over religion. However, it also involved struggles over the principles of absolutism and divine right of kings, with his deposition ending a century of political and civil strife by confirming the primacy of the English Parliament over the Crown.
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