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Tuning the sensitivity of mechanosensory receptors through histidine scanning - Research
Histidine scanning represents a broadly applicable technique for the identification of critical interaction sites within TCRs and other mechanosensory receptors to enhance receptor signaling strength and augment therapeutic efficacy via the catch bond mechanism. Read more about this post… Credits: Source Disclaimer
Flexible Organic Electronics Mimic Biological Mechanosensory Nerves
▲ Figure1. Comparison in between a biological mechanosensory nerve and a synthetic mechanosensory nerve.
Researchers at Seoul National University and Stanford University established synthetic mechanosensory nerves utilizing flexible organic gadgets to imitate biological sensory afferent nerves. They utilized the synthetic mechanosensory nerves to manage a handicapped insect leg and differentiate braille characters.
Compared to standard digital computer systems, biological nerve system is effective for real-world issues, such as visual image processing, voice acknowledgment, tactile noticing, and motion control. This influenced researchers and engineers to deal with neuromorphic computing, bioinspired sensing units, robot control, and prosthetics. The previous techniques included applications at the software application level on standard digital computer systems and circuit styles utilizing classical silicon gadgets which have actually revealed vital problems connected to power intake, expense, and multifunction.
The work, reported June 1 in Science, explains synthetic mechanosensory nerves based upon flexible organic gadgets to imitate biological mechanosensory nerves. “The recently found mechanisms of information processing in biological mechanosensory nerves were adopted in our artificial system,” stated Zhenan Bao at Stanford University.
The synthetic mechanosensory nerves are made up of 3 necessary elements: mechanoreceptors (resistive pressure sensing units), nerve cells (organic ring oscillators), and synapses (organic electrochemical transistors). The pressure info from synthetic mechanoreceptors can be transformed to action capacities through synthetic nerve cells. Multiple action capacities can be incorporated into a synthetic synapse to activate biological muscles and acknowledge braille characters.
Devices that mimic the signal processing and performance of biological systems can streamline the style of bioinspired system or decrease power intake. The scientists stated organic gadgets are beneficial due to the fact that their practical residential or commercial properties can be tuned, they can be printed on a big location at a low expense, and they are flexible like soft biological systems.
WentaoXu, a scientist at Seoul National University, and Yeongin Kim and Alex Chortos, college students at Stanford University, utilized their synthetic mechanosensory nerves to spot massive textures and item motions and differentiate braille characters. They likewise linked the synthetic mechanosensory nerves to motor nerves in a removed insect leg and control muscles.
ProfessorTae-WooLee, a Professor at Seoul National University stated, “Our artificial mechanosensory nerves can be used for bioinspired robots and prosthetics compatible with and comfortable for humans.” Lee stated, “The development of human-like robots and prosthetics that help people with neurological disabilities can benefit from our work.”
This work was moneyed by the Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; by Seoul National University (SNU); by Samsung Electronics; by the National Science Foundation( NSF).
( A) A biological mechanosensory nerve. Mechanoreceptors get pressures and modification receptor capacities. The nerve fiber of a sensory nerve cell produces action capacities depending upon the receptor prospective modifications. The action capacities are provided through biological synapses to next nerve cells at a spine. ( B)An synthetic mechanosensory nerve. Pressure sensing units, organic ring oscillators, and synaptic transistors mimic biological mechanoreceptors, biological nerve cells, and biological synapses, respectively. The very same colors represent matching parts. ( C) A photo of a synthetic mechanosensory nerve.
▲ Figure2. Braille reading utilizing a synthetic mechanosensory nerve
( J)An synthetic mechanosensory nerve with a pressure sensing unit variety of 2 × 3 pixels. Ring oscillators and synaptic transistors were linked to the pressure sensing units and procedure the pressure info. ( K)The outputs of the synthetic mechanosensory nerve in (J) when a braille character “E” was pushed. ( L)The efficiency of synthetic mechanosensory nerves with and without synaptic transistors. The synaptic transistors assist our system to differentiate braille characters plainly.
▲ Figure3. Movement manages utilizing the connection in between a synthetic sensory (afferent) nerve and biological motor (efferent) nerves
( A)An bug and a synthetic mechanosensory nerve utilized in this experiment. ( B)An synthetic mechanosensory nerve was linked to biological motor nerves to make a hybrid reflex arc and manage the motions of a removed insect leg. ( C)The experiment set-up utilized to determine the force of the motions of the handicapped insect leg.
Source: SeoulNational University
New post published on: https://livescience.tech/2018/06/02/flexible-organic-electronics-mimic-biological-mechanosensory-nerves/
Flexible Organic Electronics Mimic Biological Mechanosensory Nerves
▲ Figure1. Comparison in between a biological mechanosensory nerve and a synthetic mechanosensory nerve.
Researchers at Seoul National University and Stanford University established synthetic mechanosensory nerves utilizing flexible organic gadgets to imitate biological sensory afferent nerves. They utilized the synthetic mechanosensory nerves to manage a handicapped insect leg and differentiate braille characters.
Compared to standard digital computer systems, biological nerve system is effective for real-world issues, such as visual image processing, voice acknowledgment, tactile noticing, and motion control. This influenced researchers and engineers to deal with neuromorphic computing, bioinspired sensing units, robot control, and prosthetics. The previous techniques included applications at the software application level on standard digital computer systems and circuit styles utilizing classical silicon gadgets which have actually revealed vital problems connected to power intake, expense, and multifunction.
The work, reported June 1 in Science, explains synthetic mechanosensory nerves based upon flexible organic gadgets to imitate biological mechanosensory nerves. “The recently found mechanisms of information processing in biological mechanosensory nerves were adopted in our artificial system,” stated Zhenan Bao at Stanford University.
The synthetic mechanosensory nerves are made up of 3 necessary elements: mechanoreceptors (resistive pressure sensing units), nerve cells (organic ring oscillators), and synapses (organic electrochemical transistors). The pressure info from synthetic mechanoreceptors can be transformed to action capacities through synthetic nerve cells. Multiple action capacities can be incorporated into a synthetic synapse to activate biological muscles and acknowledge braille characters.
Devices that mimic the signal processing and performance of biological systems can streamline the style of bioinspired system or decrease power intake. The scientists stated organic gadgets are beneficial due to the fact that their practical residential or commercial properties can be tuned, they can be printed on a big location at a low expense, and they are flexible like soft biological systems.
WentaoXu, a scientist at Seoul National University, and Yeongin Kim and Alex Chortos, college students at Stanford University, utilized their synthetic mechanosensory nerves to spot massive textures and item motions and differentiate braille characters. They likewise linked the synthetic mechanosensory nerves to motor nerves in a removed insect leg and control muscles.
ProfessorTae-WooLee, a Professor at Seoul National University stated, “Our artificial mechanosensory nerves can be used for bioinspired robots and prosthetics compatible with and comfortable for humans.” Lee stated, “The development of human-like robots and prosthetics that help people with neurological disabilities can benefit from our work.”
This work was moneyed by the Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; by Seoul National University (SNU); by Samsung Electronics; by the National Science Foundation( NSF).
( A) A biological mechanosensory nerve. Mechanoreceptors get pressures and modification receptor capacities. The nerve fiber of a sensory nerve cell produces action capacities depending upon the receptor prospective modifications. The action capacities are provided through biological synapses to next nerve cells at a spine. ( B)An synthetic mechanosensory nerve. Pressure sensing units, organic ring oscillators, and synaptic transistors mimic biological mechanoreceptors, biological nerve cells, and biological synapses, respectively. The very same colors represent matching parts. ( C) A photo of a synthetic mechanosensory nerve.
▲ Figure2. Braille reading utilizing a synthetic mechanosensory nerve
( J)An synthetic mechanosensory nerve with a pressure sensing unit variety of 2 × 3 pixels. Ring oscillators and synaptic transistors were linked to the pressure sensing units and procedure the pressure info. ( K)The outputs of the synthetic mechanosensory nerve in (J) when a braille character “E” was pushed. ( L)The efficiency of synthetic mechanosensory nerves with and without synaptic transistors. The synaptic transistors assist our system to differentiate braille characters plainly.
▲ Figure3. Movement manages utilizing the connection in between a synthetic sensory (afferent) nerve and biological motor (efferent) nerves
( A)An bug and a synthetic mechanosensory nerve utilized in this experiment. ( B)An synthetic mechanosensory nerve was linked to biological motor nerves to make a hybrid reflex arc and manage the motions of a removed insect leg. ( C)The experiment set-up utilized to determine the force of the motions of the handicapped insect leg.
Source: SeoulNational University
New post published on: https://www.livescience.tech/2018/06/02/flexible-organic-electronics-mimic-biological-mechanosensory-nerves/
Flexible Organic Electronics Mimic Biological Mechanosensory Nerves
▲ Figure1. Comparison between a biological mechanosensory nerve and an artificial mechanosensory nerve
Researchers at Seoul National University and Stanford University developed artificial mechanosensory nerves using flexible organic devices to emulate biological sensory afferent nerves. They used the artificial mechanosensory nerves to control a disabled insect leg and distinguish braille characters.
Compared to conventional digital computers, biological nervous system is powerful for real-world problems, such as visual image processing, voice recognition, tactile sensing, and movement control. This inspired scientists and engineers to work on neuromorphic computing, bioinspired sensors, robot control, and prosthetics. The previous approaches involved implementations at the software level on conventional digital computers and circuit designs using classical silicon devices which have shown critical issues related to power consumption, cost, and multifunction.
The work, reported June 1 in Science, describes artificial mechanosensory nerves based on flexible organic devices to emulate biological mechanosensory nerves. “The recently found mechanisms of information processing in biological mechanosensory nerves were adopted in our artificial system,” said Zhenan Bao at Stanford University.
The artificial mechanosensory nerves are composed of three essential components: mechanoreceptors (resistive pressure sensors), neurons (organic ring oscillators), and synapses (organic electrochemical transistors). The pressure information from artificial mechanoreceptors can be converted to action potentials through artificial neurons. Multiple action potentials can be integrated into an artificial synapse to actuate biological muscles and recognize braille characters.
Devices that mimic the signal processing and functionality of biological systems can simplify the design of bioinspired system or reduce power consumption. The researchers said organic devices are advantageous because their functional properties can be tuned, they can be printed on a large area at a low cost, and they are flexible like soft biological systems.
Wentao Xu, a researcher at Seoul National University, and Yeongin Kim and Alex Chortos, graduate students at Stanford University, used their artificial mechanosensory nerves to detect large-scale textures and object movements and distinguish braille characters. They also connected the artificial mechanosensory nerves to motor nerves in a detached insect leg and control muscles.
Professor Tae-Woo Lee, a Professor at Seoul National University said, “Our artificial mechanosensory nerves can be used for bioinspired robots and prosthetics compatible with and comfortable for humans.” Lee said, “The development of human-like robots and prosthetics that help people with neurological disabilities can benefit from our work.”
This work was funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; by Seoul National University (SNU); by Samsung Electronics; by the National Science Foundation(NSF).
(A) A biological mechanosensory nerve. Mechanoreceptors receive pressures and change receptor potentials. The nerve fiber of a sensory neuron generates action potentials depending on the receptor potential changes. The action potentials are delivered through biological synapses to next neurons at a spinal cord. (B) An artificial mechanosensory nerve. Pressure sensors, organic ring oscillators, and synaptic transistors mimic biological mechanoreceptors, biological neurons, and biological synapses, respectively. The same colors represent corresponding parts. (C) A photograph of an artificial mechanosensory nerve.
▲ Figure2. Braille reading using an artificial mechanosensory nerve
(J) An artificial mechanosensory nerve with a pressure sensor array of 2 × 3 pixels. Ring oscillators and synaptic transistors were connected to the pressure sensors and process the pressure information. (K) The outputs of the artificial mechanosensory nerve in (J) when a braille character “E” was pressed. (L) The performance of artificial mechanosensory nerves with and without synaptic transistors. The synaptic transistors help our system to distinguish braille characters clearly.
▲ Figure3. Movement controls using the connection between an artificial sensory (afferent) nerve and biological motor (efferent) nerves
(A) An insect and an artificial mechanosensory nerve used in this experiment. (B) An artificial mechanosensory nerve was connected to biological motor nerves to make a hybrid reflex arc and control the movements of a detached insect leg. (C) The experiment set-up used to measure the force of the movements of the disabled insect leg.
Source : Seoul National University
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New post published on: https://www.livescience.tech/2018/06/02/flexible-organic-electronics-mimic-biological-mechanosensory-nerves/
