ok it's over and guess what? it's nap time.
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ok it's over and guess what? it's nap time.
sobry fugo, but that was a funnie from pink ladie.,
So, my husband and I don’t celebrate Valentines day. Instead, he waits until the morning of February 15 and gets me twice the amount of chocolate he could for the same price on the 14th.
Frugal AND I get more chocolate. He’s a keeper <3
*sneaks oc into school work*
no one will ever know
damienbrenks replied to your post:if i reach 300 followers…i might do a little...
like noticing me
i always notice my kohai xavi-kun -roses flutter around-
Japanese Lexion (cont.)
I → 俺(男)、あたし(女)、僕(男)、私(男女)
You → お前(男)、君(男)、あなた(男女)
Mum → おふくろ(男)、お母さん
SFP → ぜ、ぞ(男) わ、かしら(女) よ、ね(男女)
Feminine speech is generally more polite (お掃除、お鍋、お料理、お野菜) than masculine speech. which is generally quite crude.
However, linguists are currently studying the use of masculine SFPs in women's speech. Women do not use masculine words because they "want to be of the other sex" but because masculine words signify assertion and power. Women in higher positions in the workforce/teachers are more likely to use masculine speech to enforce their authority. Younger women/girls are found to use more masculine SFPs among close friends than older women.
Colloquial vs. Bookish words
Expressive adjectives: すごい ものすごい
Degree adverbs: ずいぶん とても いやに ばかに やけに めちゃくちゃ
とっても vs. とても、あんまり vs. あまり
Suffix incorporating geminates: っこ:端(はし)→はじっこ、っぱ:葉(は)→はっぱ
やる対する、もの対やつ、ところ対とこ
Baby talk! - Japanese people have an entire set of vocabulary for children in kindergarten and younger
Native vs. Sino-Japanese words: 生むと生産する、使うと使用する、死ぬと死亡する、増えると増加する
Spoken Style vs Written Style
1. 話し言葉が漢語/書き言葉が和語
貧乏(びんぼう)・貧しい(まずしい)
自分から・自ら
旅行(りょこう)・旅(たび)
全部(ぜんぶ)・すべて
勉強する(べんきょうする)・学ぶ(まなぶ)
2. 話し言葉も書き言葉も和語
足りない・乏しい
だけ・のみ
する・行う(おこなう)
もっと・さらに
もう・すでに
とても・極めて(きわめて)
3. 話し言葉も書き言葉も漢語
自分(じぶん)・自己(じこ)
普通(ふつう)・通常(つうじょう)
大切(たいせつ)・重要(じゅうよう)
天気(てんき)・天候(てんこう)
突然(とつぜん)・突如(とつじょ)
貯金(ちょきん)・貯蓄(ちょちく)
4. 普通の言葉と改まった言葉
今日(きょう)・本日(ほんじつ)
明日(あした)・明日(みょうにち)
明後日(あさって)・明後日(みょうごにち)
夕べ(ゆうべ)・昨晩(さくばん)
本当に・誠に(まことに)
今度(こんど)・この度(このたび)
Bonus: Samurai speech
「四番線より大船へ参るエレキかごが発するところでござる。横浜方面横浜横須賀行きの大船行きでござる。さて、大船へ参る、戸が閉まり候、閉まる戸にご注意くだされ、閉まる戸にご注意くだされ。」
四番線の大船行きの電車が出発するところです。横浜方面横須賀行きの大船行きです。さて、出発します。ドアがしまります。ドアにご注意ください。
Japanese Lexicon
1. Native Japanese words
lacks words for body parts and cattle.
have many words for stages of fish growth, rain, crops.
reflects Japan before foreign influence.
2. Sino-Japanese words 漢語
some kango originate from Japan instead of China.
considered to be more formal than all other strata of Japanese lexicon and is often found (instead of native Japanese counterparts) in written documents.
3.Foreign loanwords 外来語
foreign loanwords reflect Japan's focus of contact with other countries.
e.g. German words are found in Japanese for medical terms, French for fashion and Italian for music.
goes throught phonological transformation (three [θriː] → [ suri:]) and often semantic skewing. example of semantic change: handle → ハンドル [handoru] 'steering wheel'
sometimes blended with kanji. 消しゴム、食パン、バス停、非常ベル、財テク
sometimes becomes する verb. テニスする、テストする
sometimes becomes part of a fixed expression. パーマをかける、カーブをきる
4. Mimetics 擬態語
separated into: psychomime, phonomime, and phenomimes.
phonomime: onomatopeia - words that mimic real sounds. ワンワン、にゃんにゃん
psychomime: words that describe psychological states of bodily feelings. どきどき、ズキズキ、ちくちく、ジーン、いらいら
phenomime: words that depict non-auditory senses. バラバラ、ふわふわ、こっそり、よぼよぼ
Word Formation:
1. Compounding
古い+本→古本、紙袋、親子、男兄弟、細長い
Rendaku
2. Derivation - Prefix, Suffix, Reduplication, Conversion
Prefix - 非→非凡、無→無関係、未→未成年
Suffix - にくい→見にくい、さ→寂しさ、み→臭み
Reduplication - 人々、ながながと、はやばやと
Conversion - 考える→考え、感じる→感じ
Acceptable Pitch-Accent Patterns in (Standard) Japanese
LH(n)
HL(n)
LH(n)L(n)
Unacceptable Pitch-Accent Patterns in (Standard) Japanese
LLLH
HHHH
LLLL
LHLH
HHHL
[[out of puns;