“What surprised me most was that Democrats punished gender nonconformity at roughly the same rate as Republicans,” he said.
“On the left, the bias against gay candidates has moved from ‘don’t be gay’ to ‘don’t look or sound gay,’” Martin Naunov, an assistant professor of political science and a faculty associate at the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern, told Northwestern Now. His paper was published recently in the Journal of Politics. “Voters across the political spectrum, including those who think of themselves as allies, still show bias against candidates who look or sound even slightly gender nonconforming — a key cultural marker of gayness,” Naunov said. “This has real consequences for who gets elected and represented in public life.”
A new study turns a hypothetical candidate for Congress "gayer" and "straighter."
Among all voters, identifying as gay dropped a candidate’s probability of support by seven points. A gender nonconforming appearance dropped a gay candidate’s support by another seven points. Both Democrats and Republicans penalize gender nonconformity at the same rate. Maybe the most thought-provoking finding was that the gender nonconformity penalty applies to both gay and straight men. A straight man who looks or sounds gender nonconforming also pays an electoral cost, Naunov found. “We used to refuse to elect gay people. Now we elect them, but so long as they conform to a very particular version of masculinity,” Naunov said.












