Toxicity Summary:
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Turpentine is a colorless liquid with a characteristic penetrating odor sharpening with age. Typical composition from USA Southern Pine: alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, camphene, and other terpenes. It is used as chemical feedstock for the manufacture of floor, furniture, shoe, and automotive polishes, camphor, cleaning materials; inks, putty , mastics, cutting and grinding fluids; paint thinners; resins, and degreasing solutions. Turpentine was formerly the most widely used paint thinner. There continues to be significant demand among professional painters for the use of turpentine as a solvent, thinner, cleaner, and storage medium for paints, varnishes, and painting equipment. It also has utility as a solvent for various resins, polishes, and waxes. Turpentine is employed in liniments, perfumery, and in the synthesis of camphor and menthol. It is also used in expectorant formulations, and as constituent of stimulating ointments. Turpentine was formerly used as an ingredient in many ointments, liniments, and lotions for treating minor aches and pains as well as colds, and is considered to be a veterinary medication. It is registered for pesticide use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses.
HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Vapor is irritating to eyes, nose, and throat. If inhaled, will cause nausea, vomiting, headache, difficult breathing, or loss of consciousness. Liquid irritates skin. If ingested, can irritate the entire digestive system, and may injure kidneys. If liquid is taken into lungs, causes severe pneumonitis. Men exposed to concentrations of 720-1100 ppm complain of chest pain, and vision disturbances. Turpentine is a skin irritant and skin contact may cause eczema. Workers in the chemical, rubber and welding industries exposed to turpentine have developed contact dermatoses. In humans, chronic inhalation of turpentine has caused extensive glomerulonephritis. Chronic dermal contact may cause allergic erythema, headaches, coughing, and sleeplessness. At lower concentrations, pronounced anemia occurs occasionally. Two case reports are presented in which thrombocytopenic purpura was possibly induced by turpentine.