#preliminary study

[tomoleary]

Bernie Wrightson - Frankenstein Illustration, Preliminary Study Original Art (circa 1976) Source

[stone-cold-groove]

Forging a crankshaft.

[kecobe]

Portrait of the Artist’s Sister Lydia Mary Cassatt (American; 1844–1926) ca. 1880 Oil on canvas Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Probably a preliminary study for Cassatt’s The Cup of Tea, now in The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York

[didoofcarthage]

Group of Princes by Martinus Lengele. Dutch, 1640-1660. Black and white chalk on paper. In the collection of the Rijksmuseum. 

This is a preliminary study for a painting in the Stadhouderlijk Hof in Leeuwarden, a former residence of the Dutch royal family. The study depicts Willem Frederik van Nassau-Dietz with a page and horse opposite his older brother and predecessor Hendrik Casimier I, along with two of their cousins, Hendrik and George Frederik van Nassau-Siegen.

[tomoleary]

Ruth Baumgarte (1923–2013) Preliminary study for "Gypsies in the Rain" (around 1943) Source

Gypsies in the Rain (1943)

[oaresearchpaper]

Preliminary study of the trace elements, physico-chemical properties and utilization of the salty water spring from Sungkilaw Falls in the Philippines

This study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical and bacteriological properties of the salty water spring at Sungkilaw falls, Brgy. Diwan, Dipolog City, Philippines after a long, rainless and warm period to determine its groundwater chemistry. A single sampling technique was employed to collect water samples, which were analyzed for various parameters such as pH, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, hydrogen sulfide, bicarbonates, sulphates, chlorides, salinity, nitrates, nitrites, fluoride, and phosphates. Trace elements were determined using AAS/ICP-OES method, while coliforms were detected using Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique. Results revealed that the analyzed spring water was slightly acidic with an average temperature and electrical conductivity. It met the maximum permissible limit set by PNSDW for nitrates, nitrites, sulfate, and alkalinity (CaCO3). The water was found to be rich in Fe, Na, Zn, F-, SO4, Pb, Hg, H2S, Ba, and CaCO3. However, the presence of coliforms suggests that the water needs to be treated. Further studies are needed to confirm the possibility of utilizing salty spring water for bath spa projects, considering its enhanced concentration of hydrogen gas. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the quality of the salty water spring in Dipolog City, Philippines which can serve as a basis for future research and water resource management and possible tourism initiatives.

[garadinervi]

Avram Finkelstein, Untitled, 1972, (transparency study 1, detail), (laser cut silver vinyl, mylar, digital print on bond paper), 2019 [© Avram Finkelstein]

[garadinervi]

Avram Finkelstein, Untitled, 1972, (transparency study 1), (laser cut silver vinyl, mylar, digital print on bond paper), 2019 [© Avram Finkelstein]