Virtual Session Recap: Economics and Environmental Conservation
Smith Postdoctoral Research Fellow at UC Davis and The Nature Conservancy
Last Tuesday, our Iceland Virtual Exchange participants met with Ms. Sara Kross, Ph.D., a Smith Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of California, Davis and The Nature Conservancy. She discussed her work with NGOs and farmers on a number of avian conservation projects and how they quantified and communicated the economic benefits of conservation and preservation of those species.
While studying for her doctorate at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, NZ, Ms. Kross worked with local grape farmers in Marlborough, New Zealand to reintroduce falcons. She explained to our Icelandic participants how she first examined the economic motivations of restoring bird habitats for farmers. In this instance, she made the case that grape farmers would lose less of their crop to pests if falcons were reintroduced in the lowlands. Given that this area was also a big wine-producing region, the less crops lost to pests, the more money they would save and the more wine would be produced. Once farmers were on board with this argument, the next step involved helping local residents overcome their fear of falcons. She helped start a non-profit organization, the Marlborough Falcon Trust, dedicated to raising awareness of and educating the public on the species. Ms. Kross also stressed the importance of getting a diverse group involved, not just scientists or environmentalists. Environmental NGOs must be inclusive, get the community involved (local businesses, volunteers, students). In one case, she partnered with a local hunting store and asked hunters to go out and hunt for food for the falcons instead of killing the falcons themselves. Advocacy efforts also included outreach at a local school as well as with a rugby team. In 2012, New Zealand residents voted the falcon as “bird of the year.”
Following her time in New Zealand, Ms. Kross discussed her work in California where she is currently working on individual projects to revitalize old ecosystems in the state’s Central Valley. She decided to apply the same methods she used in New Zealand to her projects here. Her research showed that many farms had a lot of overused land that was no longer viable planting ground. They also used a lot of pesticides to protect their crops. She thought, why not utilize some of that space to replant native species and help bring back or keep native birds who would also act as natural pest deterrents? Although these projects have not yet been completed, early data shows there are some benefits to from having more birds around the fields.
One question that generated from this conversation was in regards to the falcon project, but could apply to any similar types of projects, “What was the real goal of the project? Bringing falcons back to the lowlands, or protecting the farms?” Although her initial permit was specifically awarded for falcon conservation, Ms. Kross told the visitors that conservation should be seen as beneficial to everyone. If there is a way to have a win-win situation, that’s a good thing. Personal relations are also important. If you work for an organization that is known for getting things done, you will have a positive reputation and people will put their trust in you.