Are Fear Appeals Effective?
When capturing the attention of a reader, you have to decide which appeal method you want to use. People respond in different ways, some are more responsive to heart tugging emotional responses while others are reluctant to change behavior unless faced with terrifying images of what could happen to them if they don’t stop. This type of fear appeal is often used in the public health sphere as noted in these examples:
In the article Developing and Pretesting Concepts, Messages and Materials, the fear approach is most effective with effective with “copers” (people who are not anxious by nature) and “sensation seekers”
(certain youth). These two groups are necessary to consider when crafting your message. One article suggests indicating an "escape route", meaning, there must be an alternate to the behavior you are wishing to change. If, for example, you are crafting a message against drunk driving, there needs to be specific steps in place to ensure an effective campaign:
"Severity: Consequences must be
very undesirable.
Vulnerability: Consequences are a danger to the person involved.
Response efficacy: They can avoid the negative outcome by following your recommendations.
Self-efficacy: They are able to engage in the recommended action."
Is this always a route you want to take when influencing people to change their health behaviors? Make sure you keep in mind your target audience and try to keep them in mind when choosing the approach for the message you're delivering.