#rampjaar

[my-sacred-art-2]

Bunny (Linnea Eleanor) Yeager (American, March 13, 1929 - May 25, 2014). Self-Portrait.

The Corpses of the De Witt Brothers, circa 1673 - 1675. Jan de Baen (Dutch, Feb. 20, 1633 - Mar. 8, 1702).

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

The painting depicts the nude, mutilated bodies of Johan and Cornelis de Witt after they were murdered by a mob in The Hague in 1672.

The de Witts were Dutch statesmen opposed the royal hegemony of William of Orange. They reached their peak power early in a period of extreme military, economic, and diplomatic turbulence, which saw Netherlands’ decline in European influence.

1672 is known as the Rampjaar (disaster year), when political chaos culminated in the de Witts’ lynching by Orangists. It has long been claimed that some in the mob cannibalized parts of their bodies.

de Baen probably completed his painting no more than four years after these events. Partly due to its shockingly realistic brutality, the painting’s acquisition by the Rijksmuseum in 1802, and the eventual decision to exhibit it publicly, caused some controversy.

[dutch-and-flemish-painters]

Jan Wyck - The French Army crossing the Rhine, 12 June 1672 -

oil on canvas, Height: 196.7 cm (77.4 in) Edit this at Wikidata; Width: 515 cm (16.8 ft) 

Royal Collection of the United Kingdom

In Dutch history, the year 1672 is referred to as the Rampjaar (Disaster Year). In May 1672, following the outbreak of the Franco-Dutch War and its peripheral conflict the Third Anglo-Dutch War, France, supported by Münster and Cologne, invaded the Dutch Republic, and it was nearly overrun. At the same time, it faced the threat of an English naval blockade in support of the French endeavor, though that attempt was abandoned following the Battle of Solebay. A Dutch saying coined that year describes the Dutch people as redeloos ("irrational"), its government as radeloos ("distraught"), and the country as reddeloos ("beyond salvation"). The cities of the coastal provinces of Holland, Zealand and Frisia underwent a political transition: the city governments were taken over by Orangists, opposed to the republican regime of the Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt, ending the First Stadtholderless Period.

By late July however, the Dutch position had stabilised, with support from Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, Brandenburg-Prussia and Spain; this was formalised in the August 1673 Treaty of the Hague, which Denmark joined in January 1674. Following further defeats at sea at the hands of the Dutch navy, the English, whose parliament was suspicious of King Charles's motives in his alliance with France, and with Charles himself wary of French domination of the Spanish Netherlands, settled a peace with the Dutch republic in the Treaty of Westminster in 1674. With England, Cologne and Münster having made peace with the Dutch and with the war expanding into the Rhineland and Spain, French troops withdrew from the Dutch Republic, retaining only Grave and Maastricht. To offset these setbacks, Swedish forces in Swedish Pomerania attacked Brandenburg-Prussia in December 1674 after Louis threatened to withhold their subsidies; this sparked Swedish involvement in the 1675–1679 Scanian War and the Swedish-Brandenburg War whereby the Swedish army tied up the armies of Brandenburg and some minor German principalities plus the Danish Army in the north.

From 1674 to 1678, the French armies managed to advance steadily in the southern Spanish Netherlands and along the Rhine, defeating the badly coordinated forces of the Grand Alliance with regularity. Eventually the heavy financial burdens of the war, along with the imminent prospect of England’s reentry into the conflict on the side of the Dutch and their allies, convinced Louis XIV of France to make peace despite his advantageous military position. The resulting Peace of Nijmegen between France and the Grand Alliance left the Dutch Republic intact and France generously aggrandized in the Spanish Netherlands.

Jan Wyck (also Jan Wiyck or Jan Wick) (29 October 1645 – 17 May 1702) was a Dutch baroque painter, best known for his works on military subjects. There are still over 150 of his works known to be in existence.

[1830sromanticist]

Johannes van Wijckersloot

Allegory on the French Invasion of 1672

1673

Analysis

In this scene a young Orangist, a supporter of William III of the House of Orange as denoted by the orange feather, looks at the viewer while holding a drawn image before the eyes of a Regent, a rank of civic governance in the Dutch Republic associated with cities and citizen organisations. The Regent appears wearing a crumpled nightcap; he has been sleeping and therefore blind to the French threat to the Republic, a threat the Orangist has known and could have averted. On the drawing the Lion of the Dutch Republic appears moribund on the ground aside a broken sword, symbolic of military defeat. The lion’s enclosure, the visual motif of the 'Hollandic Yard’ was typical in the Netherlands as symbolic of the protected and safe lands of the Dutch Republic, has been broken into; the invader has beaten down the door and brought the once fierce animal to its knees. Above this bleak image, the French rooster crows in triumph atop the escutcheon of France, flanked by four more arrows. The seven arrows represent the seven provinces of the Netherlands. A few bars of music are penciled below. 

Painted as a allegory for the Rampjaar, or Disaster Year, the dire straits of the young Republic are shown before the view, a wound that only the leadership of the King can heal. Visible beneath the fashionable blue ‘slit sleeve’ doublet of the Regent is a hint of orange silk. Perhaps the Regent is convinced by the Orangist and his true colours are shining through. 

[thelearnedsoldier]

[kamielchoi]

Zonder te knipperen naar 2017

Zonder te knipperen naar 2017

Ik speel het spelletje ‘wie het eerst met zijn ogen knippert is af’ met een meisje dat deze week vier wordt. Ik zet mijn bril af en staar zonder een spier te verrekken in haar olijfbruine kijkers. Om de eindeloze seconden te doden die zullen vergaan voordat deze tweestrijd is besloten, denk ik aan het rampzalige jaar dat achter ons ligt.

Ik hef hier geen klaagzang aan over alle grootheden die ons…

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[fortkomttotleven-blog]

Aan de Hollandse Waterlinie (1672)

Jan Hoynck van Papendrecht (1858-1933) schilderde deze schoolplaat over de Hollandse Waterlinie in het Rampjaar 1672. Zo’n schoolplaat werd in het onderwijs gebruikt als illustratie bij de verhalen die de leraar vertelde.

Op de voorgrond zie je prins Willem III met zijn officieren en manschappen aan de rand van een geïnundeerd (onder water gezet) gebied met op de achtergrond een vestingstad waarop trots de Nederlandse vlag wappert. Tijdens het Rampjaar werd de (Oude) Hollandse Waterlinie met succes ingezet in de strijd tegen de Fransen; Door de Waterlinie konden zij niet verder oprukken naar Holland. Dit succes leidde uiteindelijk tot de aanleg van de Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie.