Oct 14, 2022
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Prefab housing.
Author 001, 002, 004
2017
Found objects
HoA Ready Mades
Ready Mades
Intro
- This was the act of inserting a
- Ready made sculpture began with Duchamp in 1913 with his work Bottlerack
o In this case the bottle rack used in the piece was the work in its entirety
- Something could be art because an artist says so
o Selection
- Dependent on gallery context
- Challenged preconceived ideas of what art could be
- Pushed the boundaries of art
- Seeing the world we take for granted in a new way
- Precursor for conceptual artists – the idea is more important than the execution of it
- Involves more thought from the spectator
- Duchamp felt that art should not be “retinal” but “cerebral”
o Rather than simply being beautiful, art should be thought provoking
Marcel Duchamp
- Began working with Cubist style collage e.g. Nude Descending the Staircase of 1911
- Part of the Dada movement also
o Rejection of reason and logic
o Reaction against bourgeois art
o Exploited the random and used chance
o “Prelude to modernism”
- Bottlerack (1913)
o First ever ready made
o Blue bottle rack
o Signature forged by his sister (as per his request)
o No additions
o Visual indifference
o Not as serious as European Dada
o Duchamp says there is no deeper meaning
§ Some critics give it a Freudian meaning
· The spikes represent male genitalia and the absence of bottles (receptacle) the absence of women in Duchamp’s life – at that time he was a bachelor
o Many people asked Duchamp to sign their own bottle racks which he did willingly
§ Shows further mockery of the art market and the commodification of art
§ Can art have a monetary value, if any, if it is not unique
Pablo Picasso
- Famous French Cubist
- After exploiting Analytic Cubism for all it had to offer he moved to Synthetic Cubism
- Synthetic Cubism incorporated found objects into the composition
- Still Life with Chair Caning of 1912
o Used real oil cloth with the pattern of chair caning
o Real rope to surround the painting’s edge mimicking a frame but also the edge of a typical Parisian café table
o These elements appear to be viewed from above
§ If the table is circular then it would appear that the table is being viewed from a seated position (putting the viewer into the piece as the sitter)
o The oil cloth is painted over using oil paints
o Glass with a piece of citrus fruit from various veiwpoints
o The glass’ stem as if from the side and the body of the glass in a similar way and yet the rim and base as if from
o Three letters in newspaper print “JOU”
§ French newpaper (journal)
§ Verb “jouer” to play (Picasso is playing with space
- Picasso’s Cubist images became more abstracted due to his interest in pushing the boundaries of modern art
o This was furthered by his use of found objects in his pieces
- He always remained figurative
- His works were highly distorted from reality they could all still be linked back to it
Merret Oppenheim
- Merret Oppenheim was a famous Surrealist affiliated with the likes of Picasso
- Picasso inspired her most well known piece Fur Breakfast of 1936.
- As a female Surrealist she still sought to represent repressed sexual desires, but perhaps in a way that was not derogatory to women, or in a way that might allude to them as passive objects to facilitate male sexual gratification.
- Fur Breakfast can be considered particularly striking if not for the extremely sexual connotations of the work but also for it use of found objects, a real cup, saucer and spoon cover in fur.
- Duchamp paved the way for artists to use found objects in their work through his extremely influential work Bottle Rack of 1914 and Fountain three years later.
- This was extremely controversial as it did not show the skill of the artists hand, rather the skill is in the idea of using a particular material, in this case extremely out of context, in a sense the some of the first conceptual works where the idea behind the piece is fundamental.
- Taking into account the sexual connotations of the piece, it acts as a fetish symbol, the cup acting as female genitalia and the spoon as the male counterpart.
- The covering of these objects in fur is representative of pubic hair.
- The reference to the sexual can be seen as a reflection of primitive desires associated with the id part of the human psyche.
- Surrealists considered women to be more in tune with this part of the psyche and therefore, possibly more able to express it.
- Man Ray photographed her work Fur Breakfast the year it was made depicting the spoon aside from the cup and saucer, this could indicate some kind of separation or lack of sexual contact between the genital symbols. The implicature in the photograph is that the spoon is to be lifted and placed inside the cup evoking sexual intercourse.
- Another photographic image of the piece was by Dora Maar, here the set up of the piece is the same but the cup and saucer are displayed on a napkin of some description. A strong light source has been used to create strong, high contrast dramatic shadows that are reminiscent of Dalí’s works.
Shattered and abandoned glass serves as inspiration