Jan 31, 2022
McGregor, William B. 2015. Linguistics: An Introduction (2nd ed.), p. 135:
Figure 6.1 Aspects of linguistic meaning. In the meaning system, value and extension are the main components defining the sense of the sign. The sign has a non-literal, metaphoric, meaning (not invoked in this particular instance). Sentence meaning is very roughly represented as the sense of a complex combination of lexical and syntactic signs (the structure of which is not shown). This complex signifying construction points to the referent, the dead tree. This utterance conveys a pragmatic meaning: the hearer is being reprimanded for relaxing when there is an important job to do. © 2009 William B. McGregor and his licensors. All rights reserved.
