#ronald ross

[lindahall]

Ronald Ross – Scientist of the Day

Ronald Ross, an English physician, was born May 13, 1857.

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[tlhopkinson]

7 Popular Metal Songs That Are Based on Poems - guest blog post by Ronald Ross

7 Popular Metal Songs That Are Based on Poems – guest blog post by Ronald Ross

How often do you read a poem and feel like it could have been a metal song? Well there are a few poems which became famous metal songs. Just imagine the creativity of the maker.

Changing a poem into a metal song is a difficult task to do. Adding heavy music and energy to a poem written in calmness. Although not all the songs are a complete adaptation, some are just an inspiration. Here are some…

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[kleftunes]

Importance of Music in Society and Culture Just like traditional practices and norms, music travels from one generation to another in every specific and particular culture found all around the globe.

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Sir Ronald Ross ve Sıtma Hastalığı

Sir Ronald Ross ve Sıtma Hastalığı

Sıtma (malaria) genellikle sıcak memleketlerde ve özellikle tropik ülkelerde hüküm süren ve bazen de öldürücü olabilen bir hastalıktır Yüzyıllarca, bu hastalığın bir insandan diğerine nasıl bulaştığı hakkında en küçük bir bilgi bulunmadığından ötürü, hastalığı önleyebilmek ümidi görülememekteydi. Geçen yüzyılın sonlarına doğru, tropik hastalıklarla uğraşan hekimler arasında, tropiklerde çok bol…

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[linusjf]

Ronald Ross: Microscope

The Panama Canal was dug with a microscope. -Ronald Ross, doctor and Nobel Prize laureate (13 May 1857-1932) [alluding to the research done to get rid of the mosquito (details)]

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[laboratoryequipment-blog]

Today in Lab History: Sir Ronald Ross

Sir Ronald Ross, born May 13, 1857, was an English physician, bacteriologist and mathematician. On August 20, 1897, he discovered the disease vector for malaria when he identified the parasite in the gut of a mosquito. Because of his discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902.

Much to his chagrin, he shared the prize with Giovanni Battista Grassi how had established the life cycle of the parasite and identified the mosquito species as Anopheles claviger. Ross, not a zoologist, had referred to the species as simple a, "grey mosquito with dappled wings."

Read more: http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/news/2015/05/today-lab-history-sir-ronald-ross

[sci-histo]

【科學史上的今天】05/13——羅納德．羅斯誕辰（Ronald Ross, 1857－1932）

1895年春，軍醫羅斯結束一年的休假，自英國返抵印度後即直奔醫院，他已等不及要重新展開瘧疾的研究。如今有「熱帶醫學之父」萬巴德（Patrick Manson）的支持，他一定能解開瘧疾感染途徑之謎。

瘧疾在人類歷史上已存在超過幾千年，《黃帝內經》中對其症狀就有清楚的描述。這個主要盛行於熱帶地區的疾病，原本被認為是瘴氣所致，直到十九世紀中期細菌學興起後，法國醫師拉瓦杭（Alphonse Laveran）才於1880年在瘧疾病患的血中發現瘧原蟲。然而瘧原蟲無法在體外培養，無從得知牠的生活史，也就難以追查其來源，因此人們仍不清楚瘧疾的傳染途徑。

不過萬巴德因此懷疑瘧原蟲在進入人體之前，必定寄生在另一個宿主體內，而最有可能就是蚊子。萬巴德的大膽推測是基於他過去的研究經驗。他於1866年來台灣待了五年，然後在廈門住了十三年；在廈門期間，他發現象皮病病患血液中的絲蟲就是以蚊子為中間宿主。不過他之後就前往香港創辦西醫書院（其中一名叫孫逸仙的學生將於1896年在倫敦遭到綁架，經他幫忙營救才安全脫身），五年後返回倫敦，也就無法深入研究瘧疾了。如今派駐印度的軍醫羅斯來訪表示有心研究，或許真能證實自己的「蚊子─瘧疾理論」，他自然樂於傾囊相授。

羅斯返回印度後開始捕集蚊子，讓牠們叮咬瘧疾病患，之後再解剖蚊子，用顯微鏡觀察體內是否有瘧原蟲。不料經過兩年檢查過上千隻蚊子竟都一無所獲。就在他快要對萬巴德的理論喪失信心之際，1897年8月16日這一天，他在一隻極為少見的斑蚊的胃中發現了瘧原蟲！原來只有這種蚊子才是瘧蚊。

當然，還需進一步研究才能排除巧合的可能，但是部隊要他到前線醫治傷兵，他不得不中止研究，於是萬巴德在倫敦設法讓他調離前線，於1898年元月轉到加爾各答進行為期六個月的研究。不料此處竟沒多少瘧疾病患可供研究。幸好羅斯發現當地麻雀正受瘧疾肆虐，於是轉而以麻雀為實驗對象，終於成功地觀察到瘧疾在鳥類間的傳播方式以及瘧原蟲的生活史。

不過鳥類畢竟與人類不同，不能就此認定人類的瘧疾也是如此。然而在羅斯有機會進一步研究人之前，義大利醫師葛拉西（Giovanni B. Grassi）已經占義大利是瘧疾疫區之便，於當年十二月證實瘧疾病患體內的瘧原蟲與羅斯發現鳥類體內的瘧原蟲有相同的生活史與傳播方式。

1902年的諾貝爾生理與醫學獎原本要頒給葛拉西與羅斯，但因羅斯大力指控葛拉西抄襲他的實驗方法，只好請發現結核菌、對瘧疾也有研究的柯霍（Robert Koch）提供意見，結果柯霍認定葛拉西貢獻不大，於是由羅斯獨得諾貝爾獎。不過至今普遍認為此結果頗具爭議，因為葛拉西的貢獻絕對不下於羅斯，落選原因可能只是他曾公開抨擊柯霍研究瘧疾的方法……。

Photo Credit: Wellcome Library, London license