#s. carter

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Hov photographed during a photocall at Stansted Airport, to launch a new range of customised Reebok trainers on January 14, 2003

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[blackdisneyprince]

Hova da god

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Jay-Z - S. Carter Collection Mixtape

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[spectaculardistractions]

Custom is local, lex loci, and may except the locality from common law, as, for example, in "Borough-English" whereby the younger son might inherit. It is "alleged not in the person, but in the manor" (Fisher): "So Custom lies upon the Land" and "binds the Land" (Carter). The land upon which custom lay might be a manor, a parish, a stretch of river, oyster beds in an estuary, a park, mountain grazing, or a larger administrative unity like a forest. At one extreme custom was sharply defined, enforceable at law, and (as at enclosure) was a property: this is the business of the court roll, the manorial courts, the recitations of customs, the survey and of village by-laws. In the middle custom was less exact: it depended on the continual renewal of oral traditions, as in the annual or regular perambulation of the bounds of the parish: Gervas Knight... aged sixty seven yeares and upwards Maketh Oath that ever since he can remember... he has known Farming Woods Walk within the Forest of Rockingham... and says that ever since he was big enough... viz. from about the yeare 1664 until about the yeare 1720 he yearly or every two yeares... went with the Vicar and Parishioners of Brigstock to perambulate publickly for the same Parish and thereby make clayme of the Lands thereto belonging and to set forth their bounds... The perambulation followed the ancient watercourses, the hedges of closes, and at each boundary point a cross or mark was made in the ground.

E.P. Thompson, Customs in Common

[spectaculardistractions]

At the interface between law and agrarian practice we find custom. Custom itself is the interface, since it may be considered both as praxis and as law. Custom's original lies in praxis; in a treatise on copyhold at the end of the seventeenth century we learn that "customs are to be construed according to vulgar apprehension, because Customs grow generally, and are bred up and brought up amongst the Lay-gents, therefore are called Vulgares Consuetudines". For Sir Edward Coke (1641) there were "two pillars" for customs - common usage, and time out of mind. For Carter in Lex Custumaria (1696) the pillars had become four: antiquity, continuance, certainty and reason: For a Custom taketh beginning and groweth to perfection in this manner. When a reasonable Act once done is found to be good, and beneficial to the People, and agreeable to their nature and disposition, then do they use it and practise it again and again, and so by often iteration and multiplication of the Act, it becomes a Custom; and being continued without interruption time out of mind, it obtaineth the force of a Law.

E.P. Thompson, Customs in Common