Carrying on from this previous post, adjusting the CMS writing system for the accepted(and truthfully because im lazy, the actual) version of the proto-Saƞoƞ language was done largely by reusing symbols according to how the sounds evolved into CMS. In particular, proto-Saƞoƞ had a lot more nasal consonants that its modern counterparts, and also had three diphthongs and four vowels that shifted around a lot to create modern Saƞoƞ languages. lets break down the above chart some to really get a handle on things.
The /m/ and /ŋ/ sounds split off into /p, b/ and /q, ɢ/ respecitively in CMS, and are written using those voiced counterparts: ❬b❭ and ❬ḃ❭.
❬ñ❭ /ɲ/ directly became ❬g❭ /ɟ/, and is written accordingly.
❬g❭ /ɟ̆/ directly became ❬y❭ /ʎ/, and is written accordingly. This can cause some confusion when comparing proto-Saƞoƞ and CMS texts, since both us ❬g❭ but for entirely different phonemes.
A whole new glyphset was created for ❬ħ❭ /h/, since this sound vanished entirely in CMS, along with the proto-Saƞoƞ ❬u❭ /ə/, which has no relation to the CMS ❬u❭ /u/. The diphthongs /oi/ and /io/ became /u/ and /ɨ/ respectively in CMS, and are written with those vowel diacritics.
Here’s the verb phrase roħi ñiohiŋa /ʀo.hi ɲio̯.k͡xʷi.ŋa/, “will dictate”, with the same parameters as last time:
If we were to romanize this according to CMS rules, we would get something like "roħi gïhiḃa". Proto-Saƞoƞ featured a CV syllable structure, with the exception of coda ❬ħ❭ /h/.
Saōú is spoken southwest of Saƞoƞ, and features a number of sound changes from the proto-lang that required the creation of many new vowel diacritics.
Nasals were lost everywhere except the coda word-finally(worry about where these coda come from later), so /m/ /ɳ/ /ɴ/ only use the final forms.
The sound ❬gh❭ /g/ and ❬j❭ /ʝ/ split from the proto-Saƞoƞ ❬k❭ /c͡ç/. The former uses the ❬k❭ glyph, while the latter uses the ❬g❭.
Like the proto-lang, ❬g❭ /ɟ̆/ is represented with the ❬y❭ letter. ❬w❭ /ʍ/ is descended from proto-Saƞoƞ ❬h❭ and is written accordingly.
A whole bunch of new vowels are formed via the loss of the onset nasals, as well as the dropping of coda /h/ becoming some of these as well. ❬io❭ and ❬oi❭ merged as ❬e❭ /ʉ/, while ❬e❭ /ai̯/ from the proto-lang became ❬ý❭ /ɛ/.
When writing these vowels, a series of standardized modifications were made to the existing diacritics, which (thankfully) directly correlate to the romanization system. A vertical line indicates a vowel written with a tilde: ❬ĩ ẽ ũ ỹ õ ã❭ /ĩ ʉ̃ ə̃ ɛ̃ õ ã/. Across the board, a tilde indicates a nasal vowel.
A horizontal line indicates a vowel written with a macron: ❬ī ē ō❭ /iː ɪː oː/. All macron vowels are long.
An acute indicates a wholly different vowel from the base, phonemically, and is written with a dot: ❬ú ý❭ /ɯ ɛ/.
All these mini-diacritics attach to a base vowel. i ➝ ĩ, ī. e(written with Saƞoƞ ï) ➝ ẽ, ē. u ➝ ũ, ú. y(written with Saƞoƞ e) ➝ ỹ, ý. o ➝ õ, ō. a ➝ ã. Saōú allows CV, V, and CVC syllables. Lone vowels are written with a null consonant to better connect them to the consonants.
Here’s the verb phrase rōēwiã /ɾoːɪːʍi.ã/, “will command, will be in charge of”, with the same parameters as last time:
finally FINALLY the third Saƞoƞ language that i've made so far is Nawoƞ, a smaller language than the other two spoken in the northwest. This language features some Major sound shifts(for instance, its the only one thus far to have lost the /t͡s/ sound entirely) and will have ultimate(end of the word) stress in two syllable words, and antepenultimate(third from the end) primary stress/ultimate secondary stress in 3+ syllable words. ❬ħ❭ /h/ is not lost in Nawoƞ, and instead has strengthened into an affricate.
Let's break this chart down too.
❬m❭ is written with ❬ḃ❭ instead of ❬b❭, but ❬ñ❭ is still written with the ❬g❭ from Saƞoƞ.
❬t❭ and ❬d❭ are written with ❬p❭ and ❬b❭ respectively. ❬t❭ is descended from the proto-lang's ❬k❭, while ❬d❭ comes from the proto-lang's ❬n❭ /ɳ/. the ❬n❭ /n/ found in Nawoƞ is a descendant of ❬s❭ /t͡s/.
❬w❭ is written with ❬v❭.
❬yy❭ is a new consonant, a phonemic geminate /jː/ that is written with the ❬y❭ letter, with a dash mark.
The vowels follow the rules of writing Saōú vowels, with the exception of ❬ʌ❭ /ʌ/, which is written as ❬ú❭. When found in a C_V environment, EX: raŋu, the VC segments ❬aŋ uŋ oŋ❭ /aŋ əŋ oŋ/ became ❬ã❭ /æn/, ❬n❭ /n/, ❬ũ❭ /un/ respectively. After this, the proto ❬u❭ /ə/ was dropped, and has no relation to the Nawoƞ ❬u❭ /u/.
Here’s the verb phrase suñʌhiwa /ʃuˈɲʌ.xiˌwa/, “will tell, will relate to, will narrate”, with the same parameters as last time:
and thats all i have for you so far! eventually i will fill out the rest of this map with other Saƞoƞ languages, and probably write a little thing from the POV of the in-world creators of the writing system.
