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"The frigate 'ROANOKE,' subsequently to the Civil war, was roconstructed at the Brooklyn navy yard. Her masts were removed; her sides armored: wod her broadside battery was replaced by an all-big-gun armament of six heavy guns mounted in three armored turrets. The correspondent who sent us the above illustration suggests that she was the first of the "Dreadnoughts."

U. S. S. 'ROANOKE,' 1863. is this the prototype of the modern dreadnought."

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"USS ROANOKE (1855) during the final stages of her conversion from a steam frigate to a triple-turret ironclad, at the Novelty Iron Works, New York City.

Note the large derrick at left, and the Novelty Works' building at right."

Lithograph drawn by G. Hayward for Valentine's Manual, the first half of 1863.

U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command: NH 50462

State Ship Series: USS CALIFORNIA

There have been five ships commissioned named after the state of California in the US Navy. The state was admitted into the United States on September 9, 1850.

1. USS CALIFORNIA (1867)

Guerriere class, screw frigate, in commission from 1870 to 1875.

Class: Type: Ordered: Laid down: Christened/Launched: Commissioned: Nicknamed: Motto: Decommissioned: Fate:

Originally named USS MINNETONKA, renamed CALIFORNIA in 1869. She was "one of eight wooden steam frigates authorized by the United States Navy during the American Civil War to provide a postwar general purpose fleet."

2. USS CALIFORNIA (ACR-6)

Pennsylvania class, armored cruiser, in commission from 1907 to 1917.

Class: Type: Ordered: Laid down: Christened/Launched: Commissioned: Nicknamed: Motto: Decommissioned: Fate:

Renamed USS SAN DIEGO free up the name for BB-44 in 1914. Sunk by U-156 in May 1918. She was the only major warship lost by the United States after its involvement in World War I.

3. USS CALIFORNIA (BB-44)

Tennessee class, Dreadnought Battleship, in commissioned from 1921 to 1947.

Class:

Type:

Ordered:

Laid down:

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Commissioned:

Nicknamed: Purne Barge

Motto: Decommissioned: Fate:

She was scrapped in 1959.

She was part of the "Big 5", the group that consisted of the the most modern battleships of the interwar period. The group compromised of the Tennessee class and Colorado class. She damaged during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and was later rebuilt. Return to service in January 1944. She found in the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, Battle of Guam, Philippines campaign, Battle of Leyte Gulf, Battle of Lingayen Gulf Edit, and invasion of Okinawa. She earned 7 battle stars during WWII.

4. USS CALIFORNIA (CGN-36)

California class, nuclear powered guided missile cruiser, in commissioned from 1974 to 1999. Recycled in 2000.

Class: Type: Ordered: Laid down: Christened/Launched: Commissioned: Nicknamed: Motto: Decommissioned: Fate:

Nickname: Pig Boat

5. USS CALIFORNIA (SSN-781)

Virginia Class Block II, nuclear powered attack submarine, in commissioned from 2011 to present.

Class:

Type: Nuclear Powered Attack Submarine

Ordered: Laid down: Christened/Launched: Commissioned: Nicknamed: Motto: Decommissioned: Fate:

Ships acquired by the Navy named California.

USS CALIFORNIA (SP-249)

Type: armed section patrol vessel

Ordered: Laid down: Christened/Launched: Commissioned: Nicknamed: Motto: Decommissioned: Fate:

Commissioned from 1917 to 1919.

Originally a yacht, she was chartered and refitted by the US Navy during World War I and later renamed back to her original civilian name, USS HAUOLI.

USS CALIFORNIA (SP-647)

motorboat, armed section patrol craft.

Class: Type: Ordered: Laid down: Christened/Launched: Commissioned: Nicknamed: Motto: Decommissioned: Fate:

Commissioned from 1917 to 1918.

She was chartered and refitted by the US Navy during World War I, kept her civilian name. Later renamed USS SP-647.

U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command: 19-N-13844, NH 99531, NH 82114

Library of Congress: LC-F82- 1833

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State Ship Series: USS Pennsylvania

There has been four ships commissioned named after the state of Pennsylvania in the US Navy. The state was admitted into the United States on December 12, 1787.

USS PENNSYLVANIA (1837), possibly North Carolina class, 130 gun ship of the line, in commission from 1837 to 1838. One of nine ships to rate no less than 74 guns each authorized by the US Congress. She was the largest sailing ship of the line commissioned in the US Navy and the equivalent of a first-rate of the British Royal Navy. However, due to her large size, she was rarely used. Her only cruise was a single trip from Delaware Bay through Chesapeake Bay to the Norfolk Navy Yard. There she was decommissioned and entered a drydock to have her hull bottom covered in copper. After this, she was laid up and in 1842, became a receiving ship. During the American Civil War, she was set on fire and burned down to prevent capture by the Confederate forces.

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USS PENNSYLVANIA (1863), Guerriere class, screw frigate, laid down in 1863 but never launched. Originally named USS Keywaden, but renamed USS Pennsylvania in 1869. One of the eight wooden steam frigates authorized by the United States Navy during the American Civil War to provide a postwar general purpose fleet. Broken up in 1884

USS PENNSYLVANIA (ACR-4), Pennsylvania Class, Armored Cruiser, in commission from 1905 to 1930. Originally named USS Nebraska but was renamed Pennsylvania before being laid down. In 1912, she was renamed USS Pittsburgh to free the name for BB-38. In 1911, she became the first US Navy ship have an aircraft land on her when Eugene Ely flew a Curtiss Model D from a nearby airfield. She was involved with the occupation of Veracruz in 1914. During WWI, she patrolled the coast for U-boats. She was scrapped in accordance with the London Naval Treaty in 1931.

USS PENNSYLVANIA (BB-38)

Class:

Type:

Ordered:

Laid down:

Christened/Launched:

Commissioned:

Nicknamed: Old Falling Apart

Motto:

Decommissioned:

Fate:

Pennsylvania Class, dreadnought battleship, in commission from 1916 to 1946.

She was the Flagship of several Admirals and Admirals of the US Navy during her career. She was not sent over during WWI due to being oil-fired but she escorted President Woodrow Wilson on USS George Washington to France to take part in the peace negotiations in December 1918. She was modernized from 1929 to 1931. During this time, USS Texas (BB-35) was used as the Flagship of US Navy. When she returned to duty, the Admiral transferred his flag back.

During the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, she was protected from torpedoes since in the drydock for repairs to her propellers. Two destroyers were sharing the drydock with her. This did not stop the torpedo bombers from trying. Her crew quickly manned the AA guns and likely shit down two aircraft. Dive Bombers dropped several bombs, with one hitting her casemates. Another hit a destroyer and caused a fire that engulfed both destroyers and was starting to spread to Pennsylvania. The drydock was quickly flooded to control the fire. After the attack, she was refloated to make room for other damaged battleships. She left the shipyard to be completed repair and upgraded on the west coast shipyards. She fought in the Aleutian Islands Campaign, Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, Philippines campaign, Battle of Surigao Strait and the invasion of Okinawa. On August 12, 1945, whilr in Buckner Bay, a Japanese torpedo bomber managed to penetrate the Allied defensive screen undetected. It launch its torpedo at Pennsylvania and hit her stern on the starboard side. It tore a 30 foot (9.1 meter) hole in her stern and killed 20 sailors, injuring 10. This damaged two of her propellers and caused so much flooding that her stern settled on the bay floor before damage control parties were able to get it under control. Pennsylvania was the last major US warship to be damaged in the war. She was temporary repaired in Guam and left for Puget Sound for permanent repairs. Along the way, she lost another propeller when its shaft slipped aft and divers had to go down to cut it off. She made the rest of the voyage on one propeller.

During the war, she did not receive as many overhauls and refits as others. By 1945, her machinery was worn out and would require significantly reconditioning to brought up to standard. However, with the War over and the significant damage she received, it was decided to repair her enough to make her water tight for use in the atomic bomb tests in the Bikini Atoll. She survived both able and baker tests, and was contaminated with radioactive water from the blast. Towed to Kwajalein, where decontamination processes were tested. In 1948, she was towed out to sea and scuttled. She earned right battle stars during WWII.

USS PENNSYLVANIA (SSBN-735), Ohio Class, nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine, in commission from 1989 to present. Reactor refueled in 2012. On June 14, 2014, Pennsylvania completed a record-setting 140-day strategic deterrent patrol.

Library of Congress: LC-USZC2-3122

NARA: 520791, 520584, 100996462, 520593

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State Ship Series: USS Florida

There have been seven ships commissioned named after the state of Florida in the US Navy. The state was admitted into the United States on March 3, 1845.

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Florida (1824), sloop, served from 1823 to 1831. She was used as a survey ship.

USS Florida (1850), side-wheel steamboat, in commission from 1861 to 1867.

USS Florida (1869), Wampanoag class, screw frigate, in commission from 1864 to 1867. Originally named USS Wampanoag, renamed in 1869. Scrapped in 1885.

USS Florida (M/BM-9/IX-16), Arkansas Class, Monitor, in commission from 1903 to 1922. Renamed USS Tallahassee to free the name for BB-30. She served during WWI as a submarine chaser.

USS Florida (BB-30), Florida Class, Dreadnought Battleship, in commission from 1911 to 1931. She sortied with the British Fleet during WWI.

She was the oldest battleship retained in accordance with the Washington Naval Treaty and was modernized in the mid 1920s. However, she was scrapped in accordance with the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

USS Florida (SSBN/SSGN-728), Ohio Class, Ballistic Missile Submarine, later converted to a Guided Mssile Submarine, in commission from 1983 to present.

NHHC: NH 63849, NH 95699-KN, NH 64515, NH 60568

LOC: LC-F82- 1807

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Colorized by Alex Colors Studio: link

State Ship Series: USS NEVADA

There have been three ships commissioned named after the state of Nevada in the US Navy. The state was admitted into the United States on October 31, 1864.

NEVADA (1865):

Class: Wampanoag

Type: Screw Frigate

Laid down: Unknown

Christened/Launched: October 5, 1865

Commissioned: N/A

Stricken: 1869

Fate: Sold for scrap in June 1874

Originally laid down as NESHAMINY before renamed ARIZONA then NEVADA. Her construction was so poor, it was decided that scraped her hulk.

1. USS NEVADA (M-8):

Class: Arkansas

Type: Monitor

Ordered: May 4, 1898

Laid down: April 17, 1899

Christened/Launched: November 24, 1900

Renamed: NEVADA, January 1901

Commissioned: March 5, 1903

Renamed: TONOPAH, March 2, 1909

Decommissioned: July 1, 1920

Reclassified: BM-8, July 17, 1920

Fate: Sold for scrap on January 26, 1922

She was originally named USS CONNECTICUT but was renamed before being commissioned. Later renamed USS TONOPAH to free the name for BB-36.

"Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet's submarine force as a tender, TONOPAH operated along the east coast from Massachusetts to Key West until January 1918. Then briefly assigned to Bermuda, she was ordered to Ponta Delgada, São Miguel Island, Azores in February. Between then and December she tended the submarines K-1, K-2, K-3, K-5, and E-1 and submarine chasers operating in the strategic area of the Azores."

2. USS NEVADA (BB-36):

Class: Nevada

Type: Dreadnought Battleship, Standard Type

Ordered: March 4, 1911

Laid down: November 4, 1912

Christened/Launched: July 11, 1914

Commissioned: March 11, 1916

Nicknamed: "The Cheer Up Ship"

Awards: 7 battle stars

Decommissioned: August 29, 1946

Stricken: August 12, 1948

Fate: Sunk as a target July 31, 1948

NEVADA was the first US battleship built with the all or nothing armor scheme. This scheme ditches the varying armor thickness of previous designs for an armored citadel inside the ship that contained the most vital equipment (ie powerplant and ammunition), while also containing enough reserve of buoyancy to keep it a float if the rest of the ship is flooded. This type is called the Standard Type in American service.

During WWI, she remained in US water until August 13, 1918 when she left the United Kingdom. She became the last American ship to join the Fleet overseas. Along with USS UTAH (BB-31) and USS OKLAHOMA (BB-37), the three were nicknamed the "Bantry Bay Squadron", and apart of Battleship Division Six (BatDiv 6) under the command of Rear Admiral Thomas S. Rodgers. For the rest of the war, the three escorted the large and valuable convoys across the Atlantic to ensure no German heavy surface ships could slip past the British fleet and sink merchant ships.

After the war, she made several goodwill visits to South American countries and to Australia. She was modernized between August 1927 and January 1930 at Norfolk Navy Yard. Of note, her steam turbines were replaced by ones from the recently stricken USS NORTH DAKOTA (BB-29). These geared turbines had been retrofitted to NORTH DAKOTA in 1917, replacing her original direct drive turbines to increase her range. Afterwards, she served with the Pacific fleet for the next 11 years.

During the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, she was the only battleship able to get underway due to. During her attempt to get out of the harbor, she was hit by 1 torpedo and 5 bombs. To keep the ship from sinking at the mouth of the harbor and blocking it, her crew intentionally grounded on Hospital Point. In total of 60 crewmen killed and 109 wounded.

Soon after, salvage crews immediately set about resealing her hull and refloating her for repairs. On February 12, 1942, she entered drydock and was temporarily repaired so she could make it to Puget Sound for permanent repairs and a rebuild. Leaving Pudet Sound in October 1942, she was given an up to date radar and range finding set and resembled the South Dakota class from a distance. Of note, her rebuild was used as the template for rebuilds of the rest of the Pearl Harbor survivors.

She set sail for Alaska, and provided fire support from May 11 to 18, 1943 during the Battle of Attu ( Operation Landcrab). This operation was to capture Attu from the Japanese. Following this, she was transferred to the Atlantic fleet and modernized even more in Norfolk Navy Yard in June.

She escorted convoys across the Atlantic until April 1944 when she set sail for the UK in preparation for the Normandy Invasion. She was chosen as the flagship of Rear Admiral Morton Deyo for the operation. She participates during the D-Day invasion and the Battle of Cherbourg. NEVADA was the only battleship present at both Pearl Harbor and the Normandy landings. Later, she fought during Operation Dragoon, the invasion of Southern France.

Ordered to New York, she underwent repairs and regunning. Of note, she received three of the barrels from USS ARIZONA (BB-38). She was transferred to the Pacific fleet and found in the invasion of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. She was hit by one kamikazes when 7 attacked the fleet at Okinawa, which killed 11 and wounded 49 crewmen. After repairs, she then departed to join the 3rd Fleet from July 10 to August 7, which allowed NEVADA to come within range of the Japanese home islands during the closing days of the war, though she did not bombard them.

After the war, she briefly used to occupy the Tokyo Bay before participating in Operation Magic Carpet, the transportation of troops back home. Deemed too old to keep in the post-war fleet, she was selected for Operation Crossroads, the atomic bomb testing in the Bikini Atol. She was fully radiated after the two bomb tests in July 1946 and was kept for a time Pearl Harbor where the Navy attempted to cleanse her of the radiation. In July 1948, she was used as a target ship during a live fire exercise by USS IOWA (BB-61) and two other ships. Then after all of this, the old battlewagon refused to sink and the Navy had to call in a torpedo bomber to sink her.

On May, 2020, it was announced her wreck was found by Ocean Infinity, with its ship the Pacific Constructor, and the operations center of SEARCH Inc., headed by Dr. James Delgado. She lies upside down 15,400 feet (4,700 m) off the coast of Hawaii and about 65 nautical miles southwest of Pearl Harbor.

3. USS NEVADA (SSBN-733):