Advanced English Grammar – E-notes no.2
(July 24 2017)
Last Monday, I have learned that .....
Language –
Is a system of arbitrary sounds and symbols used for human communication.
® SYSTEM – system of sounds etc.; rules that we follow
® ARBITRARY- not planned or chosen; no particular connection
® HUMAN COMMUNICATION- animals don’t use language. They communicate through their instincts
Grammars –
Ø Linguistics competence
- Unconscious knowledge
Ø Linguistics Performance
- Observable used of language
· Descriptive grammar
- It tells or describe your basic linguistics knowledge
· Prescriptive grammar
- It says that the language has a correct usage
· Universal grammar
- All language are the same
( Noam Chomsky )
Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
- a hypothesis, first advanced by Edward Sapir in 1929 and subsequently developed by Benjamin Whorf, that the structure of a language determines a native speaker's perception and categorization of experience.
ü Main theme of the movie ( ARRIVAL 1026 )
ü Most popular
ü Language directly influence our thoughts.
ü Language directly determines our thoughts
HOPILANGUAGE
- In the 1930s the linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf seized on these characteristics of the verbs of the Hopi language to illustrate the “Whorfian hypothesis”: language closely governs our experience of reality. The Hopi language frames the way in which the Hopi talk about their universe. The same holds true, in Whorf ’s view, for all individual languages and people.
“You cannot think beyond your language” – Edward Sapir
Functional Grammar (M.AK. Hulliday)
- Study the function of word in a language
Ferdinand de Saussure
- Father of modern linguistics
- a Swiss linguist and semiotician. His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics and semiology in the 20th century.
Pedagological Grammar
- A pedagogic grammar is a description of how to use the grammar of a language to communicate, for people wanting to learn the target language. It can be compared with a reference grammar, which just describes the grammar of the language. Pedagogic grammars contain assumptions about how learners learn, follow certain linguistic theories in their descriptions, and are written for a specific target audience.
Grammaticality
- Correctness of grammar in particular sentences
“ Colourless green ideas sleep furiously”
- Not acceptable but grammatically correct
Acceptability
- Structure of sentence is correct but not acceptable because it doesn’t make sense.
After the discussion Ms.Claire gave us the format for our Lesson Plan (Demo Teaching) and she instructed us to make our draft for our lesson plan and here it goes ......
“The greater part of the world's troubles are due to questions of grammar.” ― Michel de Montaigne
