#iwtv#interview with the vampire#amc tvl#sam reid#jacob anderson
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WFRB - ROUND 2 - WEEK 3 - 2 of 8
ማንቲለ (Tigrinya) vs trusia (Polish)
ማንቲለ
trusia
info and hopaganda under the cut!
[ youtube ] [ spotify ] [ lyrics ] [ translation to english ] [ song of the week playlist ]
via tzehai.werhi
Separatist and irredentist movements in the world
Tigray
Proposed state: Republic of Tigray
Region: Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Ethnic group: Tigrayan
Goal: independence
Date: 1999
Political parties: Tigray Independence Party
Militant organizations: Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF)
Current status: war
History
10th century-5th century BCE - Dʿmt kingdom
2nd century-10th century CE - Kingdom of Aksum
1137-1889 - Medri Bahri
1769-1855 - Zemene Mesafint
1935-1941 - Italian conquest of Ethiopia
1941-1943 - British occupation
1943 - Woyane rebellion
1974-1991 - Ethiopian Civil War
1975 - creation of the TPLF
1998-2000 - Eritrean-Ethiopian War
2020-present - Tigray War
Tigray is often regarded as the cradle of Ethiopian civilization. It was the center of the Dʿmt kingdom and also part of the Kingdom of Aksum and of the Medri Bahri kingdom.
Between the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries, Ethiopia was divided into several regions with no effective central authority. In Tigray, the position of Governor of Tigray was established to rule the area.
In 1943, an uprising against the centralization process undertaken by Emperor Haile Selassie I took place. The region was peaceful until the beginning of the Ethiopian Civil War in 1974 during which the TPLF was established. This organization also participated in the Eritrean-Ethiopian War.
The Tigray war started in 2020 after the refusal of the TPLF, which used to be part of the Ethiopian governing coalition until 2019, to merge into a new party created by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and the central government’s refusal to recognize the election for Tigray’s state council. Armed movements from other regions of Ethiopia have joined the war on the TPLF’s side, together with the Tigray Defense Forces and the Tigray Independence Party.
Tigrayan people
The Tigrayan people mainly live in Ethiopia. There are around 7 million of them.
They speak Tigrinya, a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic family, and are mostly Oriental Orthodox Christians.
Tigrayans group in social institutions whose relations are based on mutual rights and bonds. Customary law is a very important part of their culture and is widely practiced.
Vocabulary
ደዐመተ (Dʿmt) - Dʿmt kingdom
ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ትግራይ (ḥayilitati mikiliẖali tigirayi) - Tigray Defense Forces
ህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ (ḥəzbawi wäyanä ḥarənnät təgray) - Tigray People’s Liberation Front
ቀዳማይ ወያነ (k’edamayi weyane) - Woyane rebellion
ክልል ትግራይ (kilili tigirayi) - Tigray Region
መንግሥተ አኵስም (menigišite ākwisimi) - Kingdom of Aksum
ምድሪ ባሕሪ (midirī baḥirī) - Land of the Sea
ናይኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Nay-Ítiyop’iya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīki) - Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
ነጻነት (nets’aneti) - independence, freedom
ትግራዎት (tigirawoti) - Tigrinya people
ትግርኛ መኮነን (tigriññā mekoneni) - Governor of Tigray
ትግርኛ (tigriññā) - Tigrinya language
ውግእ (wigi’i) - war
ውግእ ትግራይ (wigi’i tigirayi) - Tigray War
ዘመነ መሳፍንት (zemene mesāfint) - Age of Princes
Tigrinya Resources
Memrise
BABADADA
Goethe Verlang
Tigrinya Online
Tigrinya – English Picture Dictionary (PDF)
Tigrinya Lessons | The Habby (Youtube)
Tigrinya Lessons | Betelihem (Youtube)
Tigrinya for beginners in 100 lessons (Youtube)
The Sound of the Tigrinya language (Youtube)
Afro-Asiatic: Semitic: Tigrinya (MEGA)
Tigrinya Keyboard
Omniglot
Library Genesis
Wikipedia
Wiktionary
Wikivoyage
Ethiopian healing scrolls use written prayers and talismanic imagery to combat demons that cause illness
Ethiopian healing scrolls use written prayers and talismanic imagery to combat demons that cause illness. This scroll was constructed from four pieces of parchment sourced from a ritually sacrificed animal. The preparation and viewing of the scroll are equally vital parts of the healing process. The talismans on this example are rendered in washes of red, black, and green, their sketchy, rounded outlines lending the work an overall linear simplicity. In the uppermost talisman, a youthful, beardless saint rides a rearing horse. His bare toes wrap around an Ethiopian toe stirrup as he points his spear upward in the pose of the victorious knight of Christ. Images of saints were popular in Ethiopian Christian art for their association with spiritual intervention. This example may illustrate Saint Tewodros, who was commonly depicted astride a red horse.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession 2011.377
Once the beans are roasted to the desired depth of flavor, the roaster takes the pan around the room, beginning with the eldest person present and going to each person, inviting them to fan the coffee smoke to smell it.
The last word we heard Zememesh Berhe say was “bun,” which means coffee, in Tigrinya, and which stands for so much more that is encompassed in the Eritrean coffee ritual. Green coffee beans are roasted in a long-armed aluminum pot with the onomatopoeic name menkeshkesh, for the sounds the beans make when the person roasting shakes the pan gently, carefully watching for when the oils began to gleam and the beans to brown. Once the beans are roasted to the desired depth of flavor, the roaster takes the pan around the room, beginning with the eldest person present and going to each person, inviting them to fan the coffee smoke to smell it. We gave this job to Solo when he was just old enough to carry the hot pan. Then the beans are spread to cool on a straw mat called mishrafat, then ground and brewed three different times and served in tiny, handle-less china cups called finjal, almost always with sugar and sometimes with warmed milk. I learned to say “tu’um” for delicious. It is considered very rude to leave before “third coffee,” for each stage comes with its own blessing and marks more space for communal chat. How I loved to watch Ficre perform this ritual, and then to see the pride with which our eldest son learned it from his father. Coffee ceremony was the most sacred home ritual there was.
— Elizabeth Alexander, The Light of the World: A Memoir (Grand Central Publishing, April 21, 2015)
