Jul 17
Guía para importadores: baterías semi-sólidas vs Li-Po. Reglamento UE 2023/1542, UN38.3 2026, Battery Passport. Precios FOB Shenzhen, MOQ 500. CES 2026. Julio 2026.
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Guía para importadores: baterías semi-sólidas vs Li-Po. Reglamento UE 2023/1542, UN38.3 2026, Battery Passport. Precios FOB Shenzhen, MOQ 500. CES 2026. Julio 2026.
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Part III Subsection 38.3
What is UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Part III Subsection 38.3
In most of the guides of one equipment, you maybe find that it should be by the standard called UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Part III Subsection 38.3 ( also known as UN 38.3 Testing).
You must wonder what exactly it is.
Today’s guide will enable you to have a detailed knowledge of it.
Firstly, the UN 38.3 Testing Manual of Tests and Criteria is a collection of criteria, test methods, and procedures.
It is applied for the classification of dangerous goods according to the provisions of the “United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations”.
Besides, it also finds usage in identifying chemicals presenting physical hazards according to the “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals” (GHS).
This manual has been regularly updated and amended every two years.
Since 01. January 2019 the 6. Revised edition of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Amendment 1 is valid.
You could find the revised editions of Amendment 1 under this link:
https://www.unece.org/trans/areas-of-work/dangerous-goods/legal-instruments-and-recommendations/un-manual-of-tests-and-criteria/amend-to-rev6.html
Besides, if you want to find the English version of the UN 38.3 test manual, you could log in to the hyperlink as follows:
https://www.unece.org/trans/areas-of-work/dangerous-goods/legal-instruments-and-recommendations/un-manual-of-tests-and-criteria/rev6-files.html
UN 38.3 battery testing I am gonna introducing is part III of this manual, which describes in subsection 38.3.
It covers 8 test modules, which are also called T.1 to T.8 test:
T1 – Altitude Simulation (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries) T2 – Thermal Test (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries) T3 – Vibration (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries) T4 – Shock (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries) T5 – External Short Circuit (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries) T6 – Impact (Primary and Secondary Cells) T7 – Overcharge (Secondary Batteries) T8 – Forced Discharge (Primary and Secondary Cells)
The Application Scope of UN 38.3 Testing
UN 38.3 Testing can simulate significant environmental, mechanical, and electrical stresses to test lithium-ion batteries’ ability to withstand the unpredictable conditions incurred during transport.
As we all know, the lithium-ion battery is classified as a dangerous good.
They can pose a safety risk if not tested and properly packaged following the transport regulations.
The international regulation will differ if the batteries are transported by different means.
Therefore, before lithium-ion batteries can be brought to the market, they must have successfully passed certain tests.
These tests can simulate transport conditions like pressure, temperature, crush, humidity, etc.
Hence, they can help you ensure the safety of your lithium-ion battery or cells during shipping.
Lithium Ion Battery Testing Standards
There are mainly three standards for testing lithium-ion battery:
UN/DOT 38.3 5th Edition, Amendment 1 – Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
If you want to ship a lithium-ion battery across the world by air, rail, road, or truck, you will need to ensure that your batteries have passed UN/DOT 38.3.
Popular in many countries’ shipments of dangerous goods regulations, this standard can ensure the transportation safety of all lithium-ion cells and batteries.
UN/DOT 38.3 covers 8 test modules, whose difficulty level differs a lot.
For example, the altitude test is intense and long-running, which is the easiest to pass.
IEC 62133
IEC 62133 is the standard in accord with international compliance. UN 38.3 transportation testing (see the previous section) is an integral requirement but does not need to be repeated.
The standard includes four tests: 2.2 Molded Case Stress; 3.2 External Short Circuit; 3.3 Free Fall; 3.6 Overcharging of Battery
Compared to the integral requirements of UN 38.3, these tests are relatively easy to pass.
UL 2054
UL 2054 is an important U.S. compliance standard involving roughly double the number of tests found in the UN or IEC requirements: 7 electrical tests; 4 mechanical tests; 4 battery enclosure tests; 1 fire exposure test; 2 environmental tests.
UL has released the first edition of UL 62133, which chime in with IEC 62133, 2nd Edition. UL 2054 and UL 62133 compete for the same test space by nature although their requirements vary a lot.
Introduction of the principle of climatic environmental test chamber
Here is our article in the past: what is an environmental test chamber and how does it work, now today we want to tell you the introduction of the principle of the climatic environmental test chamber.
The working volume of the climatic environmental test chamber should be at least 3 to 5 times the volume of the tested product. The reasons for this provision are as follows:
After the tested product is placed in the climatic chamber, it squeezes a smooth channel. The narrowing of the channel will increase the flow rate of the airflow and accelerate the heat exchange between the airflow and the tested product. This is inconsistent with the reproduction of environmental conditions, because in the relevant standards, as follow:
a) For temperature-related environmental tests, the air velocity around the test specimen in the test chamber should not exceed 1.7 m/s to prevent the test specimen and surrounding climate from generating unrealistic heat conduction.
b) The average wind speed in the test chamber is 0.6-0.8m/s, not exceeding 1m/s.
When meeting the space and area ratios specified in two points a) and b), the wind speed of the flow field may increase by (50~100)%. The average maximum wind speed of the constant damp heat test chamber is (1~1.7) m/s, which meets the requirements of the standard.
If the volume or upwind cross-sectional area of the test piece is increased without restrictions during the test, the airflow wind speed during the actual test will increase to exceed the maximum wind speed specified by the test standard, and the validity of the test results will be doubted.
The accuracy indexes of the environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity, salt fog settling rate, etc.) in the working chamber of the climate chamber are the results of testing under no-load conditions. Once the tested product is placed, it will affect the uniformity of the environmental parameters in the working chamber of the test chamber, and the larger the space occupied by the tested product, the more serious this effect will be.
The actual test data shows that the temperature difference between the windward and leeward surfaces in the flow field can reach 3-8℃, and in severe cases, it can be as high as 10℃. Therefore, the two requirements a) and b) must be met as much as possible to ensure the uniformity of the environmental parameters around the tested product.
According to the principle of heat conduction, the temperature of the airflow near the wall of the chamber usually differs from the center temperature of the flow field by 2 to 3℃ and may reach 5℃ at the upper and lower limits of high and low temperatures.
The temperature of the test chamber wall of the high and low temperature chamber is different from the temperature of the flow field near the chamber wall by 2 to 3℃ (depending on the structure and material of the test chamber wall).
The large the difference between the test temperature and the external atmospheric environment, the large the above temperature difference. Therefore, the space within a distance of 100-150 mm from the test chamber wall is unusable space.
DGBell is a climatic chamber manufacturer, environmental test chamber manufacturer, all the climatic chambers price, environmental chambers price, etc. are the factory price, our test chambers are according to the un38.3 standard. If you are interested in the test chamber, please don’t hesitate to contact us at: https://belltestchamber.com/contact-us
The Complete Guide to Building a Battery Safety Testing Laboratory
Foreword
China is the world’s largest producer of primary batteries and the second largest producer and exporter of lithium-ion batteries. Battery products are high-risk products. In all aspects of its production, storage, transportation, testing and use, there may be safety accidents such as ignition and explosion.
In recent years, China’s battery industry has developed rapidly, and battery product quality and safety have received widespread attention. Battery testing laboratories are also undergoing large-scale development. Due to the particularity of battery products, many testing items, such as thermal shock, heavy object shock, vibration, short circuit, overcharge and over-discharge, and forced reverse charging, are prone to explosion or even fire during the test.
For this reason, while paying attention to the quality and safety of battery products and improving the ability of battery testing technology, it is also necessary to pay attention to the safety protection measures of the laboratory itself. As far as possible, avoid harm to the inspectors and bring damage to national property.
Product Classification & Testing Items
According to the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the classification rules for dangerous goods, battery products containing strongly acidic or strong alkaline electrolytes are Class 8 (corrosive) dangerous goods. Lithium batteries are Class 9 (Miscellaneous) dangerous goods.
The battery product safety testing items are divided into: (1) Intended use: high-altitude simulation, temperature cycling, vibration, low-rate charging, etc .; (2) Reasonably foreseeable misuse: external short circuit, heavy object impact, squeeze, mechanical impact, free fall, forced discharge, abnormal charging, thermal abuse, incorrect installation, over-discharge, overcharge, high rate charging Wait.
Hazardous Characteristics of Battery Products
In addition to lead-acid batteries, dangerous corrosive electrolyte spills may occur during transportation. During overcharging, a gas containing hydrogen and oxygen as main components is generated. It may cause the pressure of the battery to rise. If it encounters an open flame after the overflow, there is a danger of explosion and fire. It also includes the release of toxic gases such as arsine and antimony, and lead exposure hazards.
The qualified phenomena of lithium battery products during testing include:
Quality loss;
Leakage;
Release;
Short circuit;
Rupture;
explosion;
Fire and so on.
It’s worth noting that leaks or fires are accompanied by toxic gases.
Requirements for Laboratory Accreditation Guidelines
Precaution
Battery products, especially lithium batteries, have the danger of spontaneous combustion and explosion during storage, testing and transportation. For battery testing activities or laboratories, we must first establish the laboratory’s own safety precaution mechanism and develop effective preventive measures. And it is implemented in every step of sample storage and testing to prevent potential safety hazards to the greatest extent possible.
Facilities & Environmental Conditions
During the testing of battery products, especially during short circuit, overcharge, forced discharge, extrusion, and thermal abuse tests, the risk of explosion and fire suddenly increases. At the same time, the battery charge and discharge detection cycle is very long. Therefore, it is necessary for the battery testing laboratory to take effective personnel protection, area isolation, fire smoke extraction, remote monitoring and other measures.
Battery Laboratory Fire Protection System
Battery testing items are often dangerous and have long cycles. At the same time, batteries are chemically hazardous and require special fire extinguishing agents.
Common fire extinguishing agents:
Water fire extinguishing agent;
Foam fire extinguishing agent;
Dry powder fire extinguishing agent;
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent;
Haloalkane fire extinguishing agent and so on.
These fire extinguishing agents have their own advantages and disadvantages, but not all of them are suitable for battery laboratories. Inert gas extinguishing agents are more costly. Therefore, it is more appropriate to configure an automatic fire alarm system and FM200 gas fire extinguishing system for centralized control of fires caused by batteries. Set up smoke and temperature detectors in each functional area, multiple methods (manual and automatic), multi-level control, high reliability.
Battery Laboratory Ventilation & Air Conditioning
According to the power mode of ventilation, it can be divided into the following two modes:
natural ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
In addition, mechanical ventilation can be divided into the following 2 modes:
Local ventilation (this mode is used for battery detection)
Fully ventilated
Smoke Extraction Measures in Battery Laboratory
The smoke exhaust measures can be divided into natural smoke exhaust and mechanical smoke exhaust. Mechanical smoke exhaust can be divided into local smoke exhaust and centralized smoke exhaust. The mechanical centralized smoke exhaust system usually consists of a smoke retaining wall, a smoke exhaust port, a fire exhaust valve, a smoke exhaust duct, a smoke exhaust fan, and a smoke exhaust outlet. For environmental protection, you can consider adding a dust collector before the smoke exhaust outlet to avoid direct discharge of toxic and harmful smoke and dust into the atmosphere.
Battery Laboratory Flameproof & Explosion-proof
Explosion protection, that is, the impact of the explosion is limited to a predetermined area.
Based on reasonable area planning, multi-stage flameproof measures are recommended:
Equipment-level flameproof measures;
Facility-level flameproof measures;
Personnel-level flameproof measures.
Explosion prevention and explosion prevention measures such as laboratory layout (test area and control area), equipment surrounding protective isolation (such as vibration, shock, collision equipment peripheral protective cover), and equipment’s own protective isolation to ensure that when battery samples explode Personal safety of test personnel.
In addition, explosion-proof measures should be taken. For the planning area prone to battery explosion, the battery laboratory adopts an explosion-proof pressure relief device from the design, forming a weak link to prevent the harm caused by the explosion.
Explosion Protection & Smoke Extraction of Battery Testing Equipment
The testing equipment needs to have sufficient flameproof mechanical strength. In particular, the part facing the operation area must not burst or damage the equipment. Therefore, to implement the structure and strength design, try to use a fully enclosed frame and steel box structure.
Additional explosion protection measures are:
Safety valves (such as several independently designed non-standard equipment and battery test cabinets);
Bursting discs (such as thermal shock boxes, high temperature explosion-proof boxes), etc. The smoke exhaust design mainly includes two function parts: smoke alarm and forced smoke exhaust and basic smoke exhaust facility linkage.
Remote Control of Battery Testing Equipment
Cooperate with the laboratory area planning, develop a special control method suitable for battery testing. Remote control of testing equipment through network, serial port or electrical wiring. Change the traditional testing habits to ensure the safety of valuable equipment and personnel. Here, dual-host (PC + PC / MCU / PLC / DSP) or single-host (PC + LU) remote control mode is mainly used.
Summary
Because the battery is prone to explosion or even fire during the test. Not only should we pay attention to the quality and safety of battery products and improve the ability of battery detection technology, but also need to pay attention to the safety protection measures of the laboratory itself. As far as possible, avoid harm to the inspectors. Therefore, a safe battery testing device is very important.
Last but not least, we are a manufacturer of battery testing equipment and environmental testing equipment with 20 years of production and R & D experience. More importantly, we are very confident in the safety of our equipment. If you need battery testing equipment or environmental testing equipment, please consult us.
How Important is the Product for Altitude Simulation Testing !
Low Atmospheric Pressure Environmental
The air has a certain weight to form atmospheric pressure due to the gravitational force of the earth. As the height increases, the air gradually becomes thinner and the atmospheric pressure gradually decreases. According to the actual measurement, within 3000km of sea level, the air pressure is reduced by 100Pa for every 10 meters of height. The atmospheric pressure at approximately 31 km is 1/100 of the sea level standard atmospheric pressure value.
In addition to height, atmospheric pressure is also related to weather changes. At the same point, the sunny air pressure is high cloudy air pressure. In addition, the winter pressure is higher than the summer pressure.
In Chian, about 50% of the Earth’s surface area is 1000m above sea level, and about 25% is more than 2000m above sea level.Thus, equipment stored, transported and used in the air above the sea level and in the air will inevitably encounter a low-pressure environment and be subjected to a low atmospheric pressure environment. For aerospace products, the maximum flying height of the aircraft is several kilometers. Under normal circumstances, The aircraft generally has to fly nearly 10,000 meters and more than 10,000 meters, up to 30km. Therefore, the airborne equipment will be subjected to a more severe low pressure than the high altitude equipment.
What is Altitude Simulation Test ?
The altitude simulation test is to put the test sample into the altitude test chamber, and then reduce the air pressure in the altitude test chamber to the value specified by the relevant standards and maintain the test for the specified duration. Its main purposes are aviation, aerospace, information, electronics and other fields, to determine the environmental adaptability and reliability test of instrumentation, electrical products, materials, parts and equipment under low pressure, high temperature and low temperature single or simultaneous action.
Influence of Low Atmospheric Pressure Environmental on Products
The impact of low atmospheric pressure environmental on products is multifaceted. These include the following:
The direct mechanical effect of a pressure difference caused by a decrease in air pressure.
The effect of reduced air density on heat dissipation and thrust of power equipment and electrical performance of electrical equipment.
The pressure difference leads to additional effects after seal damage and harmful effects on volatile materials.
(1) Direct Destruction of Shelled Sealing Products
Under the action of low pressure, the shell-sealed sealing product directly causes the shell to be damaged due to excessive pressure difference between the inside and the outside. In addition, the presence of a pressure differential also results in seal damage.
(2) Reduce Electrical Performance
Air is a good insulating medium under normal atmospheric conditions. Many electrical products use air as an insulating medium. When these products are used in high-altitude areas or as airborne equipment, partial discharges are often generated near electrodes with stronger electric field strength due to lower atmospheric pressure. More seriously, air gap breakdown sometimes occurs. This means that the normal operation of the device is destroyed. Therefore, the low pressure environment will also have an impact on the electrical performance of electrical and electronic products. Especially in the case of air as an insulating medium, the effect of low air pressure is more significant.
(3) Heat Dissipation Products Warming
The so-called heat-dissipating product refers to a test sample in which the difference between the temperature of the hottest surface and the ambient temperature is greater than 5 °C after the temperature of the test sample is stabilized under air conditions and the specified atmospheric pressure.
Most electrical and electronic products are heat dissipation products such as motors, transformers, etc. These products consume a portion of the electrical energy in use, causing them to become thermal energy, and the temperature of the product increases. The temperature of the heat dissipation product increases as the height of the poster increases (atmospheric pressure decreases). The temperature rise is roughly linear with the altitude, and its slope is determined by its own structure, heat dissipation, and ambient temperature.
(4) Lead to the Loss of Contagious Substances
A decrease in pressure causes a decrease in the boiling point of the liquid. For liquids with a high saturated vapor pressure at normal atmospheric conditions at sea level, the low pressure causes it to evaporate and even boil.
Reduced pressure will accelerate the volatilization of lubricating oil or grease, causing increased friction of moving parts of the product. As a result, the surface wear of the moving parts is accelerated. Plasticizers in organic materials also accelerate evaporation due to the low atmospheric pressure. The volatilization of the plasticizer causes the organic material to age and change its mechanical or electrical properties. In addition, the volatilization of volatiles can also contaminate the product and its surrounding objects, resulting in product or object contamination or even corrosion damage.
Summary
Based on the impact of the above low atmospheric pressure environment on equipment, the typical low atmospheric pressure environmental effects produced are as follows:
Leaking gas or liquid inside the sealed casing;
The sealed container is deformed, broken or exploded;
The physical and chemical properties of low-density materials change;
Arc or corona discharge at low pressure causes equipment malfunction or malfunction;
Reduced heat transfer efficiency at low pressure causes the equipment to overheat;
Lubricating oil volatilization;
Engine starting and combustion are unstable and thrust or traction is reduced;
Hermetic seal failure, etc.
Therefore, it is very important to conduct altitude simulation test on the product. Our altitude simulatin test chamber meets the following Standards:
IEC62133-2017
UL1642
UN38.3
Last but not least, we are a manufacturer of environmental test chamber and battery testing equipment with 20 years of production and R&D experience. If you need environmental test chamber or battery testing equipment, please contact us!
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