#underground space

[divisionpreservehandsf]

Space in order to Ease Is in Nasalized Demand in Austin

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[jinstage]

#Beyond the clouds# Chapter 1/2

Treasure Street is the local traditional commercial street, in recent years due to the positioning lag and the gradual decline of the surrounding development, this area lose the vitality.Site has traditional cultural advantages: Haoli hill - Treasure  Street - Mount Taishan is the representative of the Hell- World - Heaven metaphor in local tales, our planning hope that relying local people, future migrant people and tourists to rebuild the core CBD, reproduce the attractive area of culture and commercial.

Year：2012 Project：Taian Treasure Street CBD Urban Design Type：Commission Status：Proposal Client：Jiangsu Zhongnan Construction Group Co.,Ltd.  Planning Area : 798,000 sqm Principal Planner：Jin Jin

[szurban]

人多地少倒逼新加坡发展地下城市 Underground Singapore

This is from the New York Times Chinese language website. Blocked here in China. I like the idea of the Jurong Rock Caverns being used for storage, as so much land would be freed up for surface development---but a strict environmental audit would need to be carried out, The proposed Underground Science City

新加坡——陆地面积比纽约市略小的新加坡有540万人口，那里的空间即将耗尽。

这个城市国家是向上建设的——住宅楼可以高达70层——它将未充分利用的地产收回，用于住房开发，还将海岸线向外扩，以获取更多可用的土地。

但是作为世界上最拥挤的城市之一，再加上未来15年还要增长150万人口的预期，新加坡手头的选项和它的土地一样少。所以新加坡在考虑一个创新的解决方案：在地下建造一个庞大的、连通的城市，配备购物中心、交通枢纽、公共空间、步行街，甚至还有自行车道。

“新加坡很小，不管人口会不会达到690万，我们总是需要寻找新的土地空间，”南洋理工大学(Nanyang Technological University)南洋地下空间研究中心代主任赵志业说。“地下空间利用是新加坡的一个选择。”

空军基地和机场周边地区的建筑高度限制令开发商无法把楼盖得更高。填海造陆也是有限制的——目前新加坡有五分之一的土地来自填海，但这些土地对气候变化导致的海平面上升会很敏感。

由于空间拥挤，已经有数个老庄园和军队营地被关闭，为居住和工业开发腾出空间。

地下建设在新加坡并非新鲜事。这里有约12公里的高速公路和约80公里的轨道交通线路是处于地下的。地下排水系统和综合管线在城市地下也随处可见。

而现在新加坡正在更进一步，开始建设一个名为“裕廊岩洞”(Jurong Rock Caverns)的大型地下储油库工程。竣工后将能腾出150英亩（约合60公顷）的土地，相当于6座化工厂的占地面积。

另 一个在规划中的项目是地下科学城(Underground Science City)，它包括40个连通的岩洞，供生物医疗和生命科学产业的数据中心和研发实验室使用。科学中心的大致面积为50英亩，位于新加坡西部一座科学园的 地下，距地面30层楼的地方，可以容纳4200名科学家和研究人员。

“如果充分利用地下空间，许多设施都可以搬到地下，”赵志业说。“一开始可能会有一些心理上的问题，但只要能给予合理的照明和通风，人们慢慢会适应在地下的工作和生活。”

地下工程的造价可能会比地面工程高出两三倍，因为建造成本更高，而且需要做更充分的土壤研究。

新加坡发展部部长许文远(Khaw Boon Wan)近日在一篇博文中指出，在日本和加拿大有大量的步行街和购物中心。

他提出新加坡也许可以“建造地下交通枢纽、步行街、自行车道、公共设施、仓储和研究设施、工业应用、购物区和其他公共空间。”

“我们越早开始这些事，就能越早开始掌握它，这些计划实现起来就会更容易，”他说。

但是公众对在地下工作和生活的想法有一些疑虑。

“这么多年来，我们很多人从坎彭搬到高楼大厦，住在政府公寓里，”69岁的退休会计约瑟夫·陈(Joseph Tan)说，他说的坎彭是一种传统的马来村庄。“总算是适应了在住宅楼里的生活，他们又打算让我们住到地下去。我这把年纪，只想住得舒服些 。”

曾为教师的戴维·王(David Ong)说，老一辈对在地下生活的概念也许不太能接受，这在一定程度上跟迷信有些关系。

“为什么活人要到地底下去？”他问道。“只有死人才要入土。”

将基础设施埋到地下的趋势促使城市规划者们展开大胆的设想，他们开始考虑是不是可以把更多的活动移到地下。其中一些项目，比如地下隧道和裕廊岩洞的开挖，已经在全力进行中。

新 加坡两所历史最悠久的大学——南洋理工大学和新加坡国立大学(National University of Singapore)——已经通过研究找出了适合在地下修建体育设施、图书馆和演讲厅的区域。据两所大学的研究人员表示，也许有一天学生们可以纵身跃入地 下泳池，或在地下电影院里看一场电影。

但尽管已经有项目在进行中，新加坡的地下开发还是处于十分初期的阶段。

作为南洋理工地下开发研究团队的一份子，赵志业博士说，还有大量的研究工作有待进行。

“如果我们真的想走入地下，那将是一次巨大的投资，需要充分的研究和谨慎的规划，”他还说。“目前的局面还是在我们的掌握之中，但是万一将来出现空间需求，我们知道去地下是一个选择。”

Jurong Underground Rock Caverns, to be used as oil storage

http://michael.upr.cn/6745.html

[nothingisbetterthanyou-bab-blog1]

MND to release details on underground space masterplan

SINGAPORE: In land-strapped Singapore, underground space has been named a strategic resource by the high-level Economic Strategies Committee. A masterplan is in the works to map out possible uses and the Ministry of National Development said details will be released this year. Underneath the bustling Chinatown lies a vast labyrinth of interconnected tunnels snaking across Singapore. The Downtown railway line, which is being built entirely underground, is part of a decades-long push to go down under in search of space. The result is a subterranean world teeming with activity. At the basement level, there's a complex network of utility pipes, electrical grids and pedestrian linkways. The Common Services Tunnel, which is located five to 10 metres deep, is a system of tunnels designed to house utility services in the Marina Bay area. Built in 2006, the facility allows for the maintenance and repair of utility, sewage and electrical pipes through specially-constructed access points, without having to disrupt traffic above ground. And 15 to 20 metres deep are the MRT lines and the Marina Coastal Expressway. Just below that, at the 20 metre to 60 metre level, the Deep Tunnel Sewerage System delivers waste water to an underground treatment plant in Changi. Over at Jurong Island, the Jurong Rock Cavern is being built at about 150 metres below the island. And somewhere in the deeper, darker depths, is the Ministry of Defence's ammunition facility located under Mandai quarry. But not all of Singapore has rock that is solid enough for cavern developments. Most of it is in the west and central parts of the island lying about 100 metres deep. In the west, there is sedimentary rock while hard granite is found in the central Bukit Timah region. Thus, the first step is to create a geology office to know where the good rock is located in Singapore. The Singapore Geology Office, which is located within the Building and Construction Authority, was set up in April 2010. Its aim is to create a database of information on Singapore's geology, to facilitate future underground developments. Most information on Singapore's geology derives from a national survey done in 1976 although the information was updated in 2009. Government agencies and developers looking to build underground either referred to these sources, or commissioned their own studies. Building and Construction Authority's Geological Office assistant director, Kiefer Chiam, said: "The existing information is quite shallow because it's mainly targeted at infrastructure works like MRT, services or building basements. There isn't much information at deeper levels like 100 metres or more. "In order to support the underground masterplan, we need to know where the good rocks are." In the immediate term, the focus is on adding more basement-level services like shopping malls and linkways. But as underground construction incurs huge costs, a masterplan is needed to coordinate future uses and integrate them with structures above ground. Adele Tan, Deputy Director of Planning Policies at Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), said: "Those are things we have to sort out amongst the agencies. We work closely with each other on it. And where there are conflicts, we have to talk it through and see what are the most optimal alignment and the most cost-effective alignment. "As we build more things underground, there will be more competing uses and more conflicts of space. Some of these uses that come later may find that they have to go even deeper to avoid some of the uses that are already there in the shallower surfaces." The challenge of building undergound is not just a technical one. There is also the issue of land rights to consider. In cities like Helsinki for example, private ownership of subterranean land is limited to a certain depth. But in Singapore, the law gives private owners rights to the land stretching all the way down. It is not a problem currently because the Rapid Transit Systems Act gives rail authorities the right to go through private land. But this may have to be reassessed along with other regulations such as safety codes and utility plans. Ms Tan said URA is studying other cities for models it can adapt. URA is also studying how other cities pay for underground developments. In Japan for instance, the government shares the cost with private developers. Unlike places like Hong Kong, Norway and Japan, Singapore's good rock is buried deep underground, and are much more expensive to access. Ms Tan said: "As we have a better understanding of our space underground, we can then develop this underground space plan progressively. We can identify suitable uses to put underground and put them in the right places as well, so that we can save land." Singapore's subterranean expansion is still in its early stages. Urban planners are laying the ground for future development, a process that will take years. And if they succeed, it will open up many more possibilities on how Singaporeans use the space above to live, work and play. - CNA/fa Source: http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1174308/1/.html