Spirochetes of Leptospira spp. are responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonotic bacterial infection that affects various animal species, particularly canines. The present study aimed to report the detailed clinical presentation, management, post-mortem examinations, and histopathological findings of a 5-year-old male Boerboel dog displaying signs of acute illness, including anorexia, constipation, and emesis.
Case report: The dog was presented to the small animal clinic, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Systems, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. Initial physical examinations revealed lethargy, pale mucous membranes, and constipation; laxatives and enemas were administered. The dog’s condition worsened, and then an exploratory laparotomy was performed, revealing a distended, obstructed intestine. Post-surgical care included antimicrobial and fluid therapy; however, the dog died a few days after the surgery. Necropsy revealed significant findings, including fatty liver, haemorrhagic enteritis, and lymphadenomegaly. Histopathological findings of the liver exhibited moderate hepatic lipidosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cholestasis. Renal samples exhibited interstitial nephritis and tubular degeneration. Reactive changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues were observed in the intestinal samples. The polymerase chain reaction result for the Leptospira 16S rRNA gene was positive in the liver, confirming the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis.