#vocative case

[ahojojoj]

I'm learning vocative case in Czech with a flash card app and this is the example sentence. Hello good soup.

[arabic-langblr]

السلام عليكم, could you please clarify to me what happens with a noun after vocative. In my arabic class we've learned that it stays in nominative but I've found several examples where it's in accusative

وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته

I’m sorry for the delayed answer!

As you know, the vocative case is composed of two parts :  يا, which is أداة النداء [audio] (i.e.,The “vocative tool”), and the noun that follows it which is called المُنادى (al-munaada [audio], i.e the noun in vocative).

There are five types of nouns in vocative, and depending on the type of noun,you’ll be able to tell if the noun will fall into the accusative or nominative form.

These five groups of nouns are :

مُفْرَدٌ عَلَمٌ [audio] (mufrad ‘alam), which basically means that it’s the name of someone, for example : Ahmad, Maryam, Jack, Adam, etc.

نَكِرَةٌ مَقْصودَة[audio] (nakira maqsooda, this translates to “an intended indefinite noun“) this means that the noun that follows يا is indefinite (doesn’t have أل- التعريف, al- the mark of the definite noun) but the speaker is talking to someone specific without mentioning the name.

نَكِرَة غَيْرُ مَقْصودَة [audio] (nakira ghayr maqsooda, this translates to “a non intended indefinite noun”), this means that the speaker isn’t addressing someone in particular, but generalizing a call or advice.

مٌضاف[audio] (mudhaaf,which means “attached noun”).

(The fifth type of noun in accusative is called شَبيه بِالمُضاف[audio], but I won’t talk about it here, to avoid confusion, but it’s very similar to مُضاف).

Note : if you need more explanation about these five types, please let me know. It has a lot to do with the definite vs indefinite nouns.

Back to your question, to make it simpler, I’ll divide these five nouns into two groups :

1- Nouns in vocative that have dhamma ضَمَّة in the end

As you might know, dhamma is the common mark of the nominative state.

The nouns that fall into this category (that have dhamma at the end when followed by a vocative tool) are : مفرد علم and نكرة مقصودة.

I’ll give you some examples :

a- يا أَحْمَدُ ادْرُسْ - yaa ahmadu idrus : Oh, Ahmad, study.

In example a, the word “Ahmad” is a مفرد علم, a name of a person, so the haraka at the end is dhamma. The speaker is talking directly to Ahamd.

b- يا طَالِبُ أدْرُس - yaa talibu idrus : Oh student, study.

In example b, the word طالب has dhamma at the end. The speaker is talking to someone in particular, they are telling a particular student to study (but it’s possible that the speaker doesn’t know the student’s name).

2- Nouns in vocative that have fat-ha فَتْحَة in the end

Fat-ha is the common mark of the accusative state.

The nouns that fall into that category (that have fat-ha at the end when followed by a vocative tool) are : نَكِرَة غَيْرُ مَقْصودَة  and مُضاف

(شبيه المضاف also falls into this category)

I’ll give you some examples :

c-يا طالِبًا ادْرُس - yaa taaliban idrus : Oh, student, study.

In example c, the speaker is not talking to a student in particular. They are giving a general advice.

d- يا طالِبَ المَدْرَسَةِ ادْرُسْ - yaa talibal-madrasati idrus: Oh, student of the school, study.

In example d, the word “student” has a fat-ha at the end. It’s an “attached noun” : it’s attached to the word المدرسة to more meaning and detail to the sentence. And since it’s an attached noun, it’s considered as a definite noun.

I hope this helped clarify. Please let me know if you need more help.

[felix-conlangs]

ιζι cases for nouns part 4

vocative case:

nouns that end in a consonant:

add a suffix

VOC.SG: /-emo/ -εμo

VOC.PL: VOC.SG with ablaut

nouns that end in a vowel:

add a suffix

VOC.SG: /-beɾ/ -βερ

VOC.PL: VOC.SG with ablaut

[kaityslangblr]

How to use the VOCATIVE CASE in IRISH? 🤓 Tuiseal Gairmeach! (as Gaeilge)

[delicioussoupandalsoexplosions]

I just realized that he vocative of "Odysseus" is "Odyssee" and I'm laughing way harder than I should be.

[dirtysupernaturalimagines]

Hi, I'm trying to submit a fic, but the little check box for the "i agree to the terms of submission" isn't clicking ike the tag ones do, so I can't submit. Help?

I've never heard of this happening. If anyone's encountered this and has a fix please reblog this post and add your solution. -Max

[percussit]

This girl put "Et tu, Brutus?" on Facebook. IT'S THE VOCATIVE CASE. IT'S "BRUTE". AHHHHHHH STOP IT.